Apodanthaceae

Illustration of three species of the family: left Pilostyles haussknechtii, flacourtiae in the middle Apodanthes, right Pilostyles caulotreti

Apodanthaceae is a flowering plant family ( Magnoliopsida ). There are two genera with about 10 species. The name of a suspected third kind is illegitimate (see the details in the Index Nominum genericorum ). The species are native to the Neotropics to California and Florida as a northerly distribution, in Iran, in southwestern Australia and eastern Africa.

Description

The species of the family are chlorophyll -less, holoparasitische, perennial herbaceous plants. There are stem and root parasites. Pilostyles species have Fabaceae such as: Dalea, Daviesia as host plants; African Pilostyles kind parasitized only Amherstieae species within the Fabaceae Mimosa and as host plants; and Apodanthes species are known to host plants as Casearia species ( Salicaceae ). The Apodanthaceae no stomata are present. There is no Secondary growth. They do not form roots.

The plants are monoecious or dioecious getrenntgeschlechtig ( monoecious, dioecious ). The only visible part of the plant are the flowers that grow directly from the bark of the host tree. The host plant forms a cupula - like structure above that are several series of yellow to orange, scale-like bracts on which stands the flower. The bracts are the only leaves of these plants.

The solitary, unisexual flowers are radial symmetry and small to tiny. The perianth consists of only four or five sepals, which may be fleshy and white to cream-colored or are red; Petals absent. In the male flowers the 20 to 100 stamens are fused to a central column. Pollination is by insects ( entomophily ).

The fleshy berries contain many small seeds ( 0.29 to 0.56 mm long). The seeds are dispersed by animals.

System

The incorporation of this family into the Cucurbitales took place in 2010 with the help of mitochondrial and nuclear DNA sequences. There she also fits morphologically her back after a good flower structure. This family includes two genera with about 10 species:

Genera and species

  • Apodanthes Poit. Based in the Neotropics. With a style: Apodanthes caseariae Poit. Spread of San Isidro in Costa Rica to Brazil. This type of parasitized Casearia species.
  • Berlinianche aethiopica ( Welw. ) Vattimo -Gil, nom. inval. , the correct name is Pilostyles aethiopica Welw.
  • Berlinianche holtzii ( Engl ) Vattimo -Gil, nom. inval. , the correct name is Pilostyles holtzii Engl
  • Pilostyles thurberi A. Gray. from Southern California to Mexico

Swell

  • The Apodanthaceae in APWebsite family. (Section Description and systematics)
  • The Apodanthaceae at DELTA family. ( Description section )
  • Entry at parasiticplants (English)
  • Albert Blarer, Daniel L. Nick Rent, Peter K. Endress: Comparative floral structure and systematics in Apodanthaceae ( Rafflesiales ). In: Plant Systematics and Evolution. Vol 245, No. 1/2, 2004, ISSN 0378-2697, pp. 119-142, doi: 10.1007/s00606-003-0090-2, online ( PDF, 1.35 MB).
  • Natalia Filipowicz, Susanne S. Renner: The worldwide holoparasitic Apodanthaceae confidently Placed in the nuclear and mitochondrial genes Cucurbitales by trees. In: BMC Evolutionary Biology. Vol 10, 2010, ISSN 1471-2148, 219, doi: 10.1186/1471-2148-10-219.
  • Sidonie Bellot Susanne S. Renner. , 2013. " Pollination and mating system of Apodanthaceae and the distribution of reproductive traits in parasitic angiosperms. " In "American Journal of Botany " 100 (6): 1083-1094. { { doi: 10.3732/ajb.1200627 }}.
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