Apparentment

For a list of connecting multiple nominations are connected at a ratio choice and be treated as a single choice list in the first count gear.

To be distinguished from a combined list is a list or union ( in local elections ) a joint election proposal in which several parties or groups of voters draw up a common list.

In the allocation is differentiated between the upper and lower allocation. At the top of the lists involved allocating the votes are counted together, as if it were only to a party. In the sub- allocation attributable to the combined list seats are distributed among the parties involved in the connection according to the same procedure. It is conceivable that different allocation methods are used in the two allocation steps.

If in the upper allocation method of allocation to D' Hondt, which favors large parties, related, so increases by a list of connection the chance of more than one seat. When using the Hare - Niemeyer method, no systematic advantages or disadvantages.

List connections in Germany

In federal elections, the state lists of a party are not connected since the spring of 2013. Parliament thus follows across party instructed by the Federal Constitutional Court, the verdict of 2008 to the effects of the negative voting weight. Thus, § 7 BWG is the date provided for the connection in the list of Germany, ceased to exist. List compounds of various parties are not permitted. In parliament or Bundestag elections only parties eligible to run according to the definition of the political parties law and thus have the opportunity with the second vote by proportional representation to be elected.

In several German states list compounds in municipal elections are possible.

In the social elections most lists have been received with other Connections list.

Connections list in the elections to the European Parliament

In the European elections of 2009, there were in the Netherlands, Denmark and Finland Connections list.

  • Netherlands: In the upper allocation is the D' Hondt method, and applied the method of Hare / Niemeyer in the sub- allocation
  • Denmark: In the upper allotment and in the sub- allocation of the D' Hondt method is being used.
  • Finland: In the upper allotment the D' Hondt method is being used. In the sub- allocation of those candidates received a mandate which have the most preference votes ( preferential voting ).

List connections in Switzerland

Two-stage

In the national elections, there are two-stage Connections list:

  • Several lists of a party, such as regional party lists or by gender or age -separated lists a party form a sub- list connection.
  • Several party-list or sub-list compounds can in turn enter into a combined list. These are considered in the first mandate allocation as single list.

For all distribution steps, the Hagenbach -Bischoff method is used for the calculation.

Cantonal exceptions

In the canton of Zurich Cantonal elections were for the list of connections with the Law on Political Rights (GPR; LS 161) of 2005 abolished in favor of the method of allocation Double Pukelsheim. At the cantonal elections in the canton of St. Gallen list only connections are possible, if a party has more than one list. The Canton train has abolished the Connections list in March 2010 by means of a referendum.

Numerical Example

In the national elections of 2007 there were in the canton of Jura to distribute two of Representatives seats. The major parties achieved the following results ( sublist compounds already miteingerechnet ):

  • Social Democratic Party of Switzerland: 36.9 %
  • Christian Democratic Party: 25.0 %
  • Swiss People's Party: 13.7%
  • Free Democratic Party: 13.4%
  • Independent Christian Social Party: 11.0%

The first seat was to be expected as a result of the above results, the Social Democratic Party of Switzerland. In contrast, however, the second to be awarded the seat, which went to the second-ranked namely not Christian Democratic Party (CVP ). Because of this choice, the Free Democratic Party ( FDP ) and the Swiss People's Party ( SVP) were entered into a combined list. Together these two parties achieved with 27.1% a slightly larger share of the vote than the CVP. Thus, the CVP lost her seat to the list link. Within the Connection list, finally, the almost stronger SVP was given the mandate, even though they had scored only slightly more than half of the votes of the CVP.

General effect of Connections list

Until the general election of 2003 was the assumption that at list compounds basically win the big parties (SVP, SP, FDP, CVP), while the small lose (GPS, EVP, GLP).

2007, the distribution of 12 seats were affected ( 6% of the seats) in the Swiss National Council by Connections list. The basic benefit for the major parties was not confirmed: the losers list connection strategies were the SVP (-4 ) and the FDP ( -3), while the GPS grew strongly ( 4). The CVP, the GLP and the CSP each won a mandate.

Federal Constitutional Court of Germany States of Germany Open list Hagenbach-Bischoff system Biproportional apportionment Christian Democratic People's Party of Switzerland Free Democratic Party of Switzerland Evangelical People's Party of Switzerland
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