Ar-Radi

Abū ʿ Abbās Aḥmad ibn l - al - ar - Radi Muqtadir bi- llah (Arabic الراضي بالله, أحمد بن المقتدر, DMG Ar - Radi bi- ʾ llāh, Ahmad ( Muhammad ) b al - Muqtadir * December 909, . † 13 December 940) was the twentieth Abbasid Caliph ( 934-940 ). He was the son of the Caliph al - Muktadir and the slave Zalum.

Ahmad joined in April 934 as ar - Radi bi- llah, the successor to the caliph al - Qahir. He is regarded as the last caliph, the first still exercised some influence on the government. Nevertheless, the power struggles for offices and benefices lasted at Kalifenhof in Baghdad to continue. The uncertain situation was used by many governors to refuse the tribute to the Caliph and gain their independence.

The increasing weakness of the Caliphate was also clearly failed as a subjugation of Hamdanids of Mosul 935. In the same year also had Muhammad ibn Tughdsch be recognized as governor of Egypt (see: Ichschididen ).

After 936 increased the unrest among the population of Baghdad as well as Truppenmeutereien, transferred ar - Radi General Ibn Raik 's highest civilian and military violence. While that initially succeeded in bringing peace to the country, but had ar - Radi thus given the last of power of the Abbasids from the hand. Also, could not be stopped fighting for the dignity of Caliph, as Ibn Raik was soon overthrown by other competitors.

On the religious level the Caliphate ar - Radis was marked by a strong polarization. On one side were on Shiite heretics such as Muhammad ibn ʿ Alī al- Schalmaghānī was surnamed Ibn Abī l - ʿ Azāqir who claimed divinity for themselves and therefore crucified in November 934. On the other hand, fanatic Hanbalis became noticeable. They forced their way into private homes in order to destroy musical instruments, looted shops, where wine was sold, and harassing passers-by, whom they accused immoral behavior. Likewise, a trial of the prestigious Koranic teacher Ibn Schanabūdh was performed because he had recourse to prayer at public readings of the Koran that are not behruhten on the uthmanischen Koran text during ar - Radis caliphate. He was 935 asked to repent before a special court headed by the vizier Ibn Muqla, and when he refused them beaten. The one who had shown him was his old enemy, the prestigious Koranic teacher Ibn al - Mujahid.

Ar - Radi bi- llah, died on 13 December 940 from dropsy. At the end of his reign, he controlled only Baghdad and the surrounding area. How meaningless the Caliph office had become, will be recognized that until five days after the death of al- Radis (940 ) with his brother al - Muttaqi ( 940-944 ), a new Caliph was used and the ruling regent to sent only a deputy.