Araliaceae
Blooming Japanese Aralia ( Aralia elata ) with its feathery leaves and umbels.
Araliaceae ( Araliaceae ) are a family of plants in the order of Doldenblütlerartigen ( Apiales ). The two subfamilies with 43 to 55 genera and about 1450 species are mainly distributed in the tropics worldwide.
Description
Most species are woody plants; herbaceous plant species, there are few in this family. The plants often have a strong odor. To the strains, the scars of the leaves after the fall are usually easy to recognize. The often equipped with long petioles, leaves are simple or compound. The leaf base is often wide. Stipules are present.
The flowers are borne in clusters in doldigen inflorescences. The flowers are usually small fünfzählig, sometimes cruciform. Stamens are present in different numbers ( often three) usually five ( or twelve ) or ten to many (100). In each flower there are two to five (rarely up to 100) carpels. The stylus pen has a cushion at the Araliengewächsen.
The flowers formula is:
The fruits are berries or drupes or rarely schizocarps.
Dissemination
The Araliaceae are mostly distributed in the tropics worldwide. Some species penetrate especially in East Asia in the temperate latitudes to Siberia. Centers of diversity are Oceania, Southeast Asia and tropical America. The Araliaceae colonize mainly tropical forests. In Thailand, there are about twelve genera with about 53 species.
System
The Araliaceae ( Araliaceae ) are divided into two subfamilies with 43 to 55 genera and about 1450 species:
- Aralioideae Link (syn.: hederaceae Giseke, Botryodendraceae J.Agardh ): With approximately 41 to 50 genera and about 1275 species:
- Anakasia Philipson, with only one type: Anakasia simplicifolia Philipson: It is endemic to the Western New Guinea.
- Cephalaralia cephalobotrys ( F.Muell. ) Harms: The home is Australia.
- Cheirodendron trigynum ( Gaudich. ) A.Heller to the Hawaiian Islands.
- Fatsia japonica ( Thunb. ) Dec. & Planch. The home is South Korea and Japan to the Nansei Islands.
- Gastonia lionnetii on the Seychelles island of Mahé.
- Kalopanax septemlobus ( Thunb. ) Koidz. ( " Baumaralie " ): It is widely used in China, Japan and the Nansei Islands, Korea and southeastern Russia.
- Motherwellia haplosciadea F.Muell. It is endemic in Queensland.
- Munroidendron racemosum ( CNForbes ) Sherff: This rare species is endemic to the Hawaiian island of Kauai.
- Osmoxylon linear ( Merr. ) Philipson in the Philippines.
- Seemannaralia gerrardii ( Seem. ) R.Vig. It comes only at a few sites only in the provinces of KwaZulu -Natal and Mpumalanga in the eastern part of South Africa.
- Sinopanax formosanus ( Hayata ) HLLi: It comes only in Taiwan before at altitudes 2300-2600 meters and is sometimes used as an ornamental plant.
- Rice paper tree ( Tetrapanax papyrifer ( Hook. ) K.Koch ): It occurs in China and Taiwan.
- Woodburnia penduliflora Prain: It occurs only in the northern Myanmar.
- × Fatshedera Guillaumin ( = Fatsia Hedera × ): Is a genus hybrids horticulturally produced.
- Hydrocotyloideae Eaton: With only two to four genera and 175-190 species: Homalosciadium Domin: With perhaps only one kind in southwestern Australia
- Pennywort ( Hydrocotyle L.): depending on the source with 75-130 species in tropical to temperate areas, mainly in the southern hemisphere.
- Neosciadium Dominguez, with only one type: Neosciadium glochidiatum ( Benth. ) Domin: The home is the western Australia.
Swell
- The Araliaceae in APWebsite family. ( Section systematics and description)
- The Araliaceae family at DELTA. ( Description section )
- Qibai Xiang, Porter P. Lowry: Araliaceae. In: Wu Zheng -yi, Peter H. Raven, Deyuan Hong (eds.): Flora of China. Volume 13: Clusiaceae through Araliaceae, Science Press / Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing / St. Louis 2007, ISBN 978-1-930723-59-7, pp. 435, online ( Description section ).
- Hans Joachim Esser, Matthew HP Jebb: The Araliaceae of Thailand. In: Thai Forest Bulletin (Botany ), Special Issue. Band 1-6, 2009 PDF file.
- Anne Marie Costello, Timothy J. Motley: Phylogenetics of the Tetraplasandra Group ( Araliaceae ) inferred from ITS, 5S - NTS, and Morphology. In: Systematic Botany. Volume 32, No. 2, 2007, pp. 464-477, DOI: 10.1600/036364407781179626.
- Porter P. Lowry II, Gregory M. Plunkett Jun Wen: Generic relationships in Araliaceae: looking into the crystal ball. In: South African Journal of Botany. Volume 70, No. 3, 2004, pp. 382-392 Abstract.