Architectural acoustics

Architectural acoustics is an area of ​​physics and acoustics, which deals with the impact of structural conditions on sound propagation between the spaces of a building or between the space inside and the outside world.

Focus

The building acoustics is mainly engaged in the airborne noise and structure-borne sound transmission from and by members. While the air-borne sound waves propagate as pressure fluctuations in the room, the body sound planted - usually in the form of bending waves - along the building construction continued. Bending waves in turn cause air-borne sound radiation and thus audible. If air produces sound in a room, its walls and ceiling are excited to vibrations. Themselves air particles in the neighboring space to vibrate, so that is encouraging to airborne sound In this transmission process of airborne sound from one room to another room, you hear airborne sound transmission. Must be distinguished from the structure-borne sound introduction. If knocked eg with a hammer on a wall, it will be characterized also vibrated, which lead back to corresponding oscillations of air particles in the room next door, so to airborne sound. One speaks in this case of a structure-borne sound transmission in the neighboring room. Besides the calculation of sound insulation and metrological investigations are a part.

In addition to the traditional fields airborne sound insulation (sound: Sound reduction ) and impact sound insulation ( sound insulation: standard impact sound ) the entire territory of the impact sound has got a significant role.

Among the more "modern " areas of architectural acoustics counts above all sound generation and transmission by sanitary installations and the exact Before calculation of the expected sound insulation by analytical ( mathematical-physical derivation ) or numerical (eg finite elements) method. Earlier empirical methods have been developed in the rule that came from metrological investigations.

For practical application, and the design of components are in addition to numerous other regulations of DIN 4109 (currently being revised), the DIN EN 12354 and VDI Guideline 4100 before.

The building acoustics is closely connected to the room acoustics, as the sound pressure level in a room by the room acoustic properties ( reverberation time ) dependent.

Transmission mechanisms

All transmission mechanisms through components can be described by means of excitability ( input admittance or impedance input ), transmission characteristics ( Transferadmittanz or transfer impedance ) and radiation ( radiation efficiency ) of the sound of a structure (body). Distinction must be made between different types of waves: extensional corrugations ( Quasilongitudinalwellen, amplitude in the direction of propagation ), bending waves ( transverse waves, amplitude orthogonal to the propagation direction ), torsion, ring waves, surface waves, and ( Rayleigh waves ). Particular influence on the transmission of sound through a component have the resonance frequencies of the represented by the component spring -mass system, the coincidence limit frequency ( bending wave length corresponds to the Dehnwellenlänge the air), the surface density (thickness × density ) and the loss factor.

History

Pioneer of architectural acoustics in Germany were among others Karl Gösele, Lothar Cremer, Manfred Heckl, Wolfgang Lutz and Peter Fasold.