Architectural model

In the architecture is meant by an architectural model or model the short scale representation of a design. It can mean both a real and a virtual building model.

Important in these models is not necessarily a high attention to detail, but also the presentation of the central ideas and the concept of the design. Architectural models are therefore quite abstract and often differ significantly from models that represent existing structures. (See Model ).

Etymology

The word model was developed in Renaissance Italy from Italian modello, emerged from modulo, a scale in architecture, and belonged to the 18th century the technical language of the visual artists.

Function

The architectural model is a work of the architect and design tool and part of the architectural representation as the presentation drawings. On the basis of design models architects and developers can quickly detect and evaluate the cubic volume of a design as well as the spatial relationships. Particularly for lay people who are untrained in reading architectural drawings, a model is more intuitive than two-dimensional representations.

With the help of plastic architectural models can perform various simulations. The exposure and shading of buildings can be simulated by a simple mass models. In the wind tunnel can be used to test the aerodynamics of certain cubature.

Virtual models are used to optimize technical building equipment ( TRNSYS).

Types

Types of architectural models can be distinguished primarily according to their function:

  • Working model; Model as a tool for verifying a design by the architect, often made very roughly and quickly in inexpensive and easily processable materials like cardboard.
  • Design model; Model for the representation of a design, often represents an intermediate stage and a basis for discussion
  • Competition model: a model for the presentation of a design in a competition.
  • Presentation model: Very elaborate model for the presentation of a draft for (potential) clients or buyers of a property or to the public. Most consuming, detail and high quality materials.
  • Urban development model: model that shows a building in the urban context. Often designed as a mass model
  • Mass model: Provides the building mass and building structures dar. Simple, solid cubes represent the buildings.

Production of physical models

Commonly used materials are cardboard, ( Finn cardboard or chipboard ), wood, foam polystyrene, styrodur, plastics, but occasionally also plaster or cement for mass models, glass and metals.

Common standards for architectural models are

Computer models

Today, architectural models are often first designed in the computer using CAAD and then produced by CAAM. These models can be used in various ways.

In the design phase, the virtual building model used to represent the property owners or the public. Again, various display modes are similar to the real models available from simple mass model to the presentation model. (See also: Computer -aided design # 3D). The virtual models are used for the rapid generation of two-dimensional representations, but can also be hiked virtually.

If historical or destroyed buildings are reconstructed in the computer is called a digital reconstruction. Here is the virtual architecture model for illustrative purposes.

With the help of modern techniques such as stereolithography can be generated from the data of virtual building models machine again real models.

Depending on the detailing can be made to the virtual model of building simulations, for example, to simulate the exposure situation in buildings before construction begins. Even as the basis for mass investigations and later as an information base for facility management, the virtual building model to be used under certain circumstances.

Increasingly important given the so-called Dynamic building simulation. Here are given the components of a 3D model physical properties ( thermal resistance, storage capacity of building materials, air exchange in the room, solar energy transmittance of transparent components). By deposited climate data, the model is in a defined time steps exposed to the outside air with temperature and sunlight and simulates the thermal behavior of the building with the inside -adjusting climate conditions. This allows heating and cooling needs in individual rooms and the energy demand of the whole building are determined and the energy producers are accordingly suitable size.

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