Arnaut Daniel
Arnaut Daniel (* 1150 in Riberac in the Dordogne, Périgord county and duchy of Aquitaine; † around 1200 or 1210) was an Occitan troubadour and one of the main representatives of Trobadordichtung in the dark, difficult style ( trobar clus ).
From Dante it is praised as "the best smith of the mother tongue" and called by Petrarch " Grand Master of Love". In the 20th century, he was appointed by the writer Ezra Pound in his work The Spirit of Romance (1910 ) to the greatest poets of all time.
Life
According to a Vida ( an application written in Occitan short prose biography) that is Uc de Sant Circ attributed to Arnaut as a nobleman ( gentils hom ) was born at the castle Riberac in the diocese of Perigord, received an education in the letras (meaning probably the Seven liberal arts, or at least the language subjects of the trivium ), the study was then but in favor of writing poetry and was Joglar, what is the one with the German word jugglers ( joculator ) related name of a minstrel who sings a fee foreign and own songs. His contemporary Raimon de Dufort calls him " a student, ruined by dice games ".
Artistic creation
From Arnaut two melodies and 18 lyrics are obtained, of which 12 in canzone form and a (Lo ferm voler q'el cor m'intra ) the oldest known song in the form of the sestina. He is the inventor of this genre, a formal highly demanding poetic form consisting of six stanzas, each with six verses and six constant rhyme words that do not rhyme partner within each stanza, but return from verse to verse in a different position, each stanza beginning with the rhyme, the rhyme word of the previous verse repeats ( rimas capcaudadas ). Due to the special difficulty, to let the exposed rhyming words recur with varying possible meaning in each new statement contexts, and because of the associated dark the sestina applies clus as particularly characteristic of the view expressed by Arnaut Style trobar.
A note of Dante in the Purgatorio ( 26.118 ) can be understood as Arnaut not only with songs ( " versi d' amore " ), but also with prose novels ( prose di romanzi ) lodged an honor, but has received no such prose work, the could be attributed to him. The English poet Henry W. Longfellow wanted to attribute to him a Versfassung of Sir Lancelot, but has hereby found no favor.
Arnaut had already made a name among the troubadours around 1185 and later enjoyed special esteem among Italian imitators of Trobadordichtung. Dante takes him in his work De vulgari eloquentia with his canzone L' aur ' amara as the main representative of the genus to love poetry ( Dve II, ii, 8), quotes him there with the canzoni sui sol qui sai lo sobrafan qe'm sortz ( II, vi, 6) and Si'm fos Amor de ioi donar tant larga (II, xiii, 2) and imitated Arnaut's sestina in his own sestina Al poco giorno ( Rime 34) and the double Estine Amor tu vedi ben ( Rime 37) according to. In his Commedia Arnaut Daniel met in the 26th canto of the Purgatorio, as " Arnaldo " in purgatory among the penitents of the sin of lust. He will be presented by the Dante also highly appreciated Italian poet Guido Guinizelli, the Arnaut imagines as " miglior fabbro del parlar materno " ( "best smith of the mother tongue "), which is itself the troubadour Giraut de Bornelh still preferable. Arnaut even introduces himself in his mother tongue:
Literally translated:
In the paraphrase of Carl Streckfuß:
In recognition of these verses devoted Dante Arnaut Daniel, appeared the European edition of TS Eliot's second volume of poems under the title Ara Vos Prec. Eliot's poem " The Waste Land " begins and ends with references to Dante and Daniel. The poem contains the last paragraph also a reference to the last line of the 26th song from the purgatory: " Poi che gli s'ascose nel foco affina " ( Then he faded away in the fire that purifies them ), building also on Daniel Arnaut relates.
In Arnaut's song # 10 ( From gai so cuindet e leri, "On a beautiful, cheerful and happy tune " ) to find the - according to Ezra Pound - " three verses for which Daniel is best known " ( The Spirit of Romance, S. 36):
Translation:
The school in Riberac was named after Daniel Arnaut.