Arturo Frondizi

Arturo Frondizi Ercoli ( born October 28, 1908 in Paso de los Libres, Corrientes Province, Argentina, † April 18, 1995 in Buenos Aires ) was an Argentine politician and president ( 1958-1962 ).

Political career to 1958

Son of a large family of Italian immigrants, Frondizi studied law at the Universidad de Buenos Aires and became politically active in the Radical Party, Spanish Unión Cívica Radical ( UCR). During the first term of the populist president Juan Domingo Perón Frondizi was a congressman for the federal capital, as a group, a member of a part of the UCR, which had Perón not connected.

Meanwhile, the ideological differences between Frondizi and Perón were comparatively low. The radical program of Avellaneda, on the Constitution during the first years of Perón's tenure next Frondizi maßgeblilch also Gabriel del Mazo and Luis Dellepiane were involved, called also to a policy of industrialization, improved social protection, as well as for anti - imperialism and Roll Back the " oligarchy " on how President Perón himself

The peronistiche government closed 1954 contracts with the U.S. company Standard Oil for the exploitation of the Argentine oil. Frondizi criticized this in his book " Política y Petróleo " as a pro- imperialist and as a sellout of Argentine interests. (Today, the contract is shown with Standard Oil as one of the motivations behind the military coup of 1955, the exiled Perón in the sequence to an 18 -year-long exile. )

Under the following military government (as of November 1955 under General Pedro Eugenio Aramburu ) to Frondizi profiled continue as an open critic, now with a special emphasis on the interests of the workers who had to suffer from the anti -popular economic and social policies of the Aramburu government particularly. At the beginning of 1957, the UCR split into a wing under Ricardo Balbin and Frondizi own Unión Cívica Radical intransigent ( Unyielding Radical Civic Union ), which sought a rapprochement with the now illegal Peronist movement.

Prior to the elections of February 1958 Frondizi sent emissaries to Caracas because even the Venezuelan exile Perón, who closed a secret pact with the ousted politicians. Perón promised a recommendation to vote for Frondizi to his followers to give up during Frondizi gave concessions for the future legalization of Peronism in return. With a variety Peronist votes Frondizi was elected President in February 1958 and became operational on 1 May of the year at his office, supported by a heterogeneous coalition of radicals, nationalists, Peronists, and even with the support of the small Communist Party.

Presidency and later career

Frondizi's original manifesto was a time typical product of the Latin American desarrollismo, who had emerged in which was founded in Santiago de Chile in 1948 by the UN Economic Commission for Latin America environment ( ECLAC). This advocated a government-induced industrialization, thus to substitute imports and to make developing countries less dependent on price fluctuations for primary products in world markets. In this respect, had his program similarities with that in neighboring Brazil completed by President Juscelino Kubitschek policy. In practice, however, the Argentine to Frondizi's economic policy turned out to be more liberal than most of his supporters had hoped. In particular, its reversal in oil policy (the President now began a campaign for more concessions to foreign companies) met with widespread opposition.

In addition, Frondizi's presidency marked by the difficulty in obtaining a range of social and political interests was to agree. Firstly, the Peronist unions met at the social policies of the government and considered the rhythm of the legalization of Peronism as too slow. As early as January 1959, the conflict escalated with the labor movement in factory occupations and Perón finally decided to give the secret pact with Frondizi publicly known to have another means of pressuring the government in hand.

The remains implacably anti- Peronist military, however, precisely observed the same trends with increasing concern. Beginning of the sixties came to a head the opposition of the military, reinforced, to be provided through a meeting Frondizi with Ernesto Che Guevara in the wake of a failed experiment in the Cuban Missile Crisis. When finally Peronist candidates a series of gubernatorial elections in March 1962 won (especially the union leaders Andrés Framini in the crucial province of Buenos Aires ), the military to depose Frondizi decided.

1963 emerged from Frondizi wing of the UCR intransigent of the Movimiento de Integración y Desarrollo (MID ) which, when Perón's return to Argentina in 1973 the Peronist Frente Justicialista de Liberación Nacional ( Frejuli ) ( Justizialitische Front of National Liberation ) supported. Frondizi died in 1995 in Buenos Aires.