Asbab al-nuzul

As asbab to - nuzul (Arabic أسباب النزول, occasions of coming down ') such reports are referred to in the Koran exegesis, which determine the historic occasion ( sabab, Pl asbab ) for the revelation of a given Quran section, usually a verse from the Qur'an, closer. As rapporteur this occurs a prophet companion, and as with the hadith report is usually a chain of narrators advance.

Asbab - to - nuzul reports, form one of the most important text portions of traditional Koranic commentaries, call the event from the life of the Prophet is said to have led to the revelation of that verse, often supplemented by an indication of specific people and places in this relationship are. Some of these reports are narrative greatly designed, which is due to the influence of the early Islamic " storyteller " ( quṣṣāṣ ). At the end of the report is usually a phrase such as: " Then God revealed ... " followed by abbreviated citation of the relevant verse.

In broader commentary works such as that of al-Tabari also a variety of asbab - to - nuzul reports is often cited with different Überliefererketten to the individual verses. It happens that the reason for the revelation of a verse in the various reports is specified differently. This has led to discussions among Muslim scholars is how to deal with such conflicting asbab - to - nuzul - lore. Ibn Taymiyah says this in his "Introduction to the basics of Koranic exegesis ," that in this case the different reports could still be true because there was a possibility that the verse in question had been sent down twice.

From the 11th century Muslim scholars began to merge the asbab - to - nuzul reports in this topic devoted to special works. One of the first scholars who did this, was ʿ Alī ibn Aḥmad al - Wahidi (d. 1075 ) of Nishapur with his book " reasons for the revelation of the Qur'an " ( al -Qur ʾ asbab nuzul ān ). This is considered as the classic asbab al - nuzul plant, but it treated only 85 Surahs of the Qur'an. From an ordinary commentary on the Koran, it differs in that it only contains the relevant material on the initiative of the revelations. Andrew Rippin is the be -enhancing interest in the asbab - to - nuzul historically with the rise of Islamic traditionalism in the 11th century in relationship. Great popularity enjoyed the compiled later asbab - to - nuzul works by Ibn Hajar al - ʿ Asqalani (d. 1449 ) and al- Suyuti (d. 1505), the fact provides additional material from the classical Tafseer and Hadith works.

Asbab - to - nuzul reports also fulfill an important function in the legal interpretations of the Qur'an. They are used to determine the precise legal reason which leads to the application of a given Quranic standard. It is questionable, however, given the extent to which the Koran norm of the specific historical context is removable. Basically existed in the pre-modern rather the tendency to emphasize the universality of these standards. It comes in the following sentence to express, which serves as a maxim in many theoretical legal contexts: " Decisive is the general wording, not the special ( Epiphany ) occasion " (al- ʿ ibratu bi- ʿ umūmi l - lafẓi lā bi- ḫuṣūṣi s sabab ). Ibn Taymiyah writes about this in his " Introduction to the fundamentals of the Koran exegesis ":

"If you even arguing about whether the general wording, which is expressed based on a specific event, should be limited to its cause, yet no one claimed by the Muslim scholars, the general statements of the Quran and the Sunnah would only be on the each person relate. The most that you claim is that they are limited to the type of this person and generally include any other person who corresponds to it. [ ... ] When the verse that has a specific reason, is a commandment or prohibition, it includes the person and the person with whom it behaves the same way. "

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