Auca (cartoon)
A Auca (plural Auques ) is a picture story from Catalonia, which depicts a historical event, a biography, a legend, etc. in mostly humorous or satirical form. The individual images are grouped typically accompanied by a respective two-line verse. The Auques are an expression of folk, traditional literature of Catalonia, the so-called literatura de fil i canya ( in German about " thread - and reed - literature "). Make an early form of comics dar.
Form
A Auca is traditionally made of 48 individual spaced on a sheet in box images. The drawings here have a size between 6 × 6 cm to 8 × 8 cm, the entire sheet 40 × 30 cm to 60 × 40 cm ( ie folio or large - folio format, roughly today's A3 to A2 accordingly). More rarely there are Auques with only 24 images. The illustrations are accompanied by a caption in the form of a two-line verse called Rodoli. Sometimes there is a further two-line verse at the top of the arch, which serves as an introduction to the story.
Origins and history
The spread of Auques begins in the 17th century. It is believed that the image arcs as well as her name from the goose game - have developed - in Catalan Joc de l' oca, in northern Catalonia Joc de l' Auca.
The oldest known Auca is the Auca del Sol i de la Lluna ( " Auca the Sun and the Moon " ) from 1676. You was created by the book printer and illustrator Pere Abadal from Moià and shows a series of figures, animals, mythical creatures and stars. A special feature here is the rarely seen using round frames. This oldest Auques that auques arcaiques ( " archaic Auques " ) are called, have not had the form of a story and were not accompanied by text. Often representations in the field of mythology or of handicrafts and trade, the arts i Oficis as they also often rely on traditional Catalan wall tiles - are to be found - like the azulejos.
End of the 18th century appears a new type Auques, the so-called primitive auques ( " primitive Auques " ), with designs from the area of children's games, holidays and processions, animal and plant species or of military life. The figures are now given numbers or names.
In the 19th century, eventually reproduce the readers and the subjects of the Auques, which now includes fables, morality tales, biographies, plays, historical event, and the like illustrate. At this time, the use of verses as usual caption, both in the form of a couplet ( a couplet ) as well as a three -liner ( a trio ). With its propagation the Auques develop a lucrative business - they were sold in stationery and bookstores as well as in dry goods and kitchen goods stores. Among the most successful Auca publishers were Josep Ignasi Piferrer and Estivill from Barcelona, Augustí Laborda and Joan Llorens from Valencia, Miquel Homs from Girona and Blai Bellver from Xativa.
In Castile, the Auques spread from the middle of the 19th century under the name Aleluyas and found, inter alia, also the Spanish royal court enthusiastically received.
Around the turn of the century suffered by the production of Auques a significant decline, published in consequence little new works and mainly old motifs of Auques arcaiques and were reproduced primitive. However, from the 1920s, the comic going through a renaissance and are enjoying great popularity to this day. Older or rare Auques have become coveted collectors' objects that can fetch high prices.
On the basis of their artistic quality or social significance following Auques regarded as outstanding examples of their kind:
- Auca del noi antifeixista i Huma (1937 ) - Auca the anti-fascist and humanist boys
- Auca de les -resistant de l' entronització de la Mare de Deu de Montserrat (1947 ) - Auca the celebrations for the enthronement of Our Lady of Montserrat
- Auca d'en Pompeu Fabra (1969 ) - Auca of Pompeu Fabra
Others
In his novel and play L' Auca del senyor Esteve ( " The Auca the Lord Esteve " ) Santiago Rusiñol describes the life of a respectable business owner, with his son comes into conflict when he refuses to carry on the family business and decides to art to devote.