August Musger
August Musger ( born February 10, 1868 in iron ore (Styria ), † October 30, 1929 in Graz) was an Austrian priest and physicist. He pioneered the art of film and inventor of the slow motion. His most famous student was Hanns Koren.
Life and work
August Musger was born in 1868 as the son of a teacher in iron ore. After attending elementary school (1874 /79) in Kindberg of gifted students in 1879 went into Lichtenfels high school, but moved in 1881 to the Prince Bishop minor seminary. Since the minor seminary led only the lowest classes, August Musger moved to the first kuk then State High School in Graz. The Graduate closed Musger from 1887 with excellent success.
1890 graduate of the Faculty of Theology and was ordained a priest and then worked as a chaplain in Preding. After two years of pastoral activity Musger began studies in mathematics, physics and drawing in Graz. However, he was active as a prefect continue in the prince-bishop's seminary. After graduation, he was at the minor seminary teacher of mathematics, physics, and freehand drawing.
1893 Musger joined as Konkneipant the Catholic fraternity Carolina Graz in the ACA. Shortly before the turn of the century, the cinematography to conquer the world and away from the main cities and also took Musger reached, the teacher of this new invention was thrilled. However, he found the technology behind it was immature and began in 1904 to investigate itself in the field of film band further transport.
By 1907, he managed the development of a design plan for a " series apparatus with mirror wheel " whose uniqueness and global innovation was the ability to record in slow motion. The plans he submitted a patent already on 3 December 1904. However, the construction of a prototype led to delays, which ultimately led to 1912 that Musger had to give up his patent on the basis of its financial situation. 1914 therefore extinguished its patent rights, which called the company Ernemann whose technician Hans Lehmann has been a constant Musger in correspondence with them about current development results, was on the scene. This made 1914 a slow-motion apparatus of the public. The fact that this device was based on an invention Musgers August, but has been mentioned at any point. In a letter to Musger Lehmann called this indeed open as the inventor, to whom he anknüpfte with its further developments, but this changed nothing on the patent rights of the company Ernemann.
1916 ranged Musger despite everything another patent for his invention, a second, the " cinematograph with optical compensation of image motion ". However, the poor economic situation of post-war prevented the construction and possible improvement of the model.
August Musger was not only the inventor of slow motion, he was also regarded as an excellent draftsman. Ludwig mute, August Musger knew well personally, recalled:
"He was a very great man, an artist of the portrait. He was a genius in its simplicity. "
On October 30, 1929 August Musger died at the age of 61 years destitute of a serious illness in the Prince-Bishop's minor seminary in Graz.
In 1953 ( 22nd District ) was named after him in the Musgergasse Vienna Danube city. In Graz ( in III. District Geidorf ) and Kindberg carries a street its name, just as a square in the city of his birth-place iron ore.
Furthermore, carrying one of the two main schools in Kindberg, which is in the said August- Musger Alley, since the school year 1980/81 and 1981/82 the name of the well-known priest and physicist. The located upstairs girls secondary school in Jacob Edward Schmölzer main school Kindberg at that time located in the lower lap of the building boys' elementary school was renamed in August- Musger main school Kindberg and, on the basis of the Austrian composer and folk song collector James Edward Schmölzer renamed.
Musgers " cinematograph with optical compensation of image motion "
The light is generated in the box by means of a R arc. This passes through the lens and is incident on the film tape. The image is focused through the objective O to the mirror wheel S and from the apparatus. The film is moved south via a gear in synchronous motion as the mirror wheel, so that each picture encounters an own mirror. The film is spooled from the reel v on the role of a. Use the slider A one can determine the speed of the gear f. If the prism not rotate, the image would be inclined walking upwards. Because the prism continuously rotates at the same frequency, the motion of the film is balanced, so that the image is always irradiated on the same area of the screen.
In the patent of August Musger the prism is called a mirror wheel. You can also record with this method, you just need to replace the lens and the photosensitive film you need a darkroom.
From Musgers " series apparatus with mirror wheel " no copy is available. A model of the " Kinomatographen with optical compensation of image motion ", however, is exhibited at the Technical Museum Vienna.