Auscultation

Under auscultation (from Latin auscultare - listen (eagerly ) listen ) is understood in medicine interception of the body, typically with a stethoscope. Auscultation is part of the physical examination. The associated verb is called auscultation, as a foreign word from the Latin, it will never be separated (example: " they auskultierte ", not " they kultierte off").

René Théophile Hyacinthe The French doctor Laënnec discovered this investigation method in 1816. Initially, the ear was kept directly on the body surface. Laennec first stethoscope was a tightly rolled piece of paper. Today's technology auscultation goes back to Josef Škoda (1839 ).

On auscultation of the lungs, the normal vesicular breath sounds from pathological forms such as the bronchial and amphorischen breathing and breathing ambient noises ( rales or grinding noises ) are distinguished.

On auscultation of the heart is differentiated between heart sounds and murmurs, and the quality and volume of the sounds may indicate damage to the valvular apparatus, or defects of the interventricular septum (ASD, VSD). Crepitus give evidence of inflammation of the heart (pericarditis ).

The heart sounds of unborn child be intercepted, especially in the late stages of pregnancy to detect an incipient danger to the child with complications early.

On auscultation of the abdomen in particular intestinal activity is judged by, for example, to distinguish a paralytic by a mechanical ileus ( intestinal obstruction ).

Also, blood vessels are auscultated. In a narrowing ( stenosis) of the blood vessel will cause an audible flow noise. This phenomenon is also the measurement of blood pressure according to Nikolai Sergeyevich Korotkov advantage.

A special form is the Kratzauskultation.

Auskultationsstellen of the heart valves

  • Pulmonary valve: 2nd intercostal space left of the sternum ( parasternal )
  • Aortic valve: 2nd intercostal space to the right of the sternum ( parasternal )
  • Tricuspid valve: 4th intercostal space to the right of the sternum ( parasternal )
  • Mitral valve: 5th intercostal space, the left middle clavicle line ( medioklavikular )
  • Erbscher point: 3rd intercostal space left of the sternum ( parasternal )
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