Automatic Deformation Monitoring System

An automated deformation monitoring consists of a set of interactive, continuous or independent software and hardware components that form a complex for deformation monitoring in its entirety. Once the necessary components are installed and prepared for data transfer, no further intervention of people is necessary. Automated systems for the deformation monitoring can help to save lives and prevent huge financial losses for the infrastructure and economy.

Components of an automated deformation monitoring system

For an automated deformation monitoring system include:

  • Advice
  • Sensors
  • Communication
  • Software for data collection, including data management
  • Deformation analysis.

Advice

Before building a system a number of discussions are necessary, from an onsite appointment for the analysis of local conditions and gathering the requirements to detailed elaboration of the selection of the appropriate measuring sensors. This includes the installation, power supply, communication, server installation, the software for data acquisition and transmission, operation and maintenance of the system.

Sensors

In order to cover all possible uses, an automated deformation monitoring system must support all geodetic and geotechnical instrumentation sensors that are needed for monitoring.

  • Geodetic measurement sensors capture geo-referenced possible displacements or movements in position and / or height. In addition, instruments such as total stations, Levels and receiver for global navigation satellite systems (GNSS ) are used.
  • Geotechnical instrumentation sensors detect displacements or movements are not georeferenced, but measure physical properties. These sensors include extensometers, piezometers, rain gauges, thermometers, barometers, inclinometers, accelerometers, seismometers, etc. For more information, see Geotechnical sensors.
  • Other measuring sensors such as Radar devices.

Communication

Between the measuring sensors and the software for data acquisition, there are, depending on the distance, transmission rate, and cost, a wide range of media for data communication:

  • Transmission cable (RS232, RS485, fiber optic )
  • Local area network ( LAN)
  • Wireless network (WLAN)
  • Mobile communication (GSM, GPRS, UMTS),
  • WiMax.

Software for data collection, including data management

The software is the core of the monitoring system, as it plays a key role in data collection with the associated measurement sensors. It records the data, calculated results, visualized possible shifts and sends a message to the authorized personnel when predetermined limits are exceeded.

In contrast, the operator or user must have sufficient technical knowledge and experience to make the right decision on motions, ie an independent assessment by on-site inspections, retroactive checks, such as structural repairs. This also includes the emergency protection, which includes shutting down the operation, containment of the process and in the particular case the evacuation.

Deformation Analysis

The deformation analysis is concerned with the calculation and evaluation and the statistical significance of the measured displacements. The analysis can visually through a timeline, a scatter plot, vector and other graphics and numerical display options. The numerical deformation analysis is carried out directly in a network adjustment.

Swell

  • John F. A. Moore (ed.). Monitoring Building Structures. Blackie and Son, among other things, Glasgow, inter alia, 1992, ISBN 0-216-93141- X. (also: ISBN 0-442-31333-0 )

Publications and examples

  • 2011 American Surveyor, Elevated Monitoring ( page 6-12)
  • FIG 2007 - Application of Automatic Deformation Monitoring System for Hong Kong KSL Railway Monitoring ( not callable, PDF file)
  • The American Surveyor (Oct 2007) - 24/7 Structural Monitoring ( PDF, 1.91 MB )
  • Professional Surveyor Magazine ( Oct 2007) - Unmanned and Secure ( not callable, PDF file)
  • Monitoring of Open Pit Mines using combined GNSS Satellite Receivers and Robotic Total Stations
  • Safety and Financial Value Created by Good Slope Management Strategies and Tactics
  • Deformation monitoring system protects personnel and structures through early detection
  • The American Surveyor ( Spring 2006) - Robots Survey Dulles tunnel
  • FIG 2006 - Driving Burj Dubai Core Walls With An Advanced Data Fusion System (PDF; 6.69 MB )
  • Advances in RTK and Post Processed Monitoring with Single Frequency GPS
  • Leica GPS Spider for deformation monitoring (PDF, 1.43 MB)
  • Detection of movements tower with a multi-sensor system (PDF, 0.9 MB)
  • Flotron AG Chüebalmtunnel A8, Iseltwald (BE)
  • Monitoring Hong Kong's Bridges Real - Time Kinematic Spans the Gap

Provider of automated deformation monitoring systems

  • GeoMoS Automatic deformation monitoring software
  • GNSS / GPS / LPS based Online Control and Alarm System and software ( GOCA ) " Geodetic Monitoring System HSKarlsruhe "
  • Solexperts
Universal Mobile Telecommunications System
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