Automatic Train Operation
Automatic Train Operation (ATO ) is the automated driving, in which the train control system is completely or partially re- ride computer. The different degrees of automation range from the brake control and traction control for speed control via the drive control and door control at the breakpoint until the possible remote control technology for driverless operation.
Technically speaking, an ATO system usually referred to the on-board equipment, which derives the control commands from the driving terms of a track-side train control system of the ATC system.
Automatic brake control
In the automatic driving control of partially driving engagement relates to the speed of adjustment in accordance with a braking curve, which, unlike the emergency brake needs no quenching by the driver. An example is the Long Iceland Railroad Automatic Speed Control (ASC ) - this automatic speed influencing was developed to measure compaction to ensure that the trains can take advantage of the maximum speed release. It is thus compatible with the traditional command based on the cab signaling system according to Pulse code cab signaling.
In Germany due to a combination of vehicle-mounted Automatic drive and brake control ( AFB ) in conjunction with track-side train control ( LZB ) the same result - the cruise control can not exceed the trackside predetermined maximum speeds of travel computer and however automatically brakes the area below the by AFB control set speed debits. A designated stop at a station is not detected by this system.
Fully automatic train operation
The fully automatic train operation and partly driverless train operation is commonly used for commuter trains at airports. Meanwhile, these systems are also in some urban railways in use. Also trains in the driverless train operation still usually have a Notführerstand, which can be used for manual maneuvering, while the control is exercised by a trip computer in the network with a centralized train control in regular service.
The first fully automatic train operation, there were on the former Metro Line 2 (now part of Metro Line 5) in Barcelona from 1962 to 1970, the Victoria Line in London has been in construction for fully automatic operation of trains provided and travels since 1968 -. However, the train is here occupied with one of the platoon leader. However, this only monitors the entrance to the train station and the clearance to exit, after pressing " start" the route is controlled automatically until the next stop. Newer lines in London and the Docklands Light Railway, however, are driverless.
In Germany, the driverless metro in Nuremberg ( project RUBIN implementation of an automated metro in Nuremberg) since 2008 (U3 ) and 2010 ( U2) in fully automatic train operation. Previously drove the U1 Hamburg from 1982 to 1985 in automated mode. The U4 Berlin was a short time later converted ( automated operation with platoon leader ). The U- Bahn München is now consistently for automated operation equipped (automatic mode with driver). Plans for a conversion to driverless operation of the U5 Berlin were reinstated.
The Linen U1 -U4 subway Vienna also run automatically, the driver only needs to operate an exit button. The control is effected by means of automatic train. In some terminals, the trains are also turned leaderless.
Records
- The longest route network with driverless train operation is 68.7 km in length in the three lines of the Vancouver SkyTrain in operation
- The longest single track with driverless operation is line 2 of the Metropole Lille 31.7 km in length
- The longest metro driverless operation while providing first entirely underground running track with a length of 20 km is the North East Line in Singapore.
The Dubai Metro ( with 70 km of route network and 50 km on a line) and the U- Bahn ring line in Singapore ( 33.3 km length ) will in future these records still on offer.