Automeris

Automeris io, above females, males below

Automeris is a species-rich genus of butterflies of the family of peacock moth ( Saturniidae ). The caterpillars have numerous, seated on a common shaft stinging hairs.

Features

All Automeris species that have happen in the United States of America and Canada dull colored front wing tops that give the moths at rest on bark or the like, a good camouflage. The tops of the hind wings bear a striking, multi-colored, round eyes spot. The males have twice pinnate sensor, with the females they are pinnate.

The eggs of the moths are white and have a large micropyle, which is some time after the filing of the amount of black in fertilized eggs.

The caterpillars are more compact than those of the genus Hemileuca. You are provided with numerous stinging hairs that sit on a common shaft. North of Mexico, the caterpillars of most species are green and have conspicuous longitudinal lines on or below the spiracles. These lines extend from the thorax to the abdomen end, but can end up in some species on the penultimate segment. The caterpillars of Automeris Zephyria and Automeris cecrops have a pattern, which consists of diagonal and lateral lines that do not fit into the feature scheme described above.

Occurrence

The genus is widespread neotropisch and subtropical. Seven species of the genus occur north of Mexico: Automeris io, Automeris Zephyria, Automeris louisiana, Automeris cecrops, Automeris iris, Automeris patagoniensis and Automeris randa.

Way of life

The adults are nocturnal. At rest, their hind wings are completely covered by the forewings. In case of failure the wing suddenly unfolds, so that the eye-spots are seen. The females lay their eggs in clutches. Initially, the caterpillars feed sociable and often change in processions in direct succession to new feeding sites or resting places. Pupation occurs in a cocoon, usually in leaf litter.

Species

The following list of species is based on the Global Lepidoptera Names Index of the Natural History Museum and was supplemented by other types of literature.

• Automeris abdomicajamarcensis Brechlin & Meister, 2011
• Automeris abdomimeridensis Brechlin & Meister, 2011
• Automeris abdominal fields, 1874
• Automeris abdominapoensis Brechlin & Meister, 2011
• Automeris ahdomiorientalis Brechlin, Käch & Meister, 2013
• Automeris abdomipichinchensis Brechlin & Meister, 2011
• Automeris abdomipiurensis Brechlin & Meister, 2011
• Automeris adusta Hoffmann, 1942
• Automeris aknorkei Brechlin & Meister, 2014
• Automeris alticarchensis Brechlin, Käch & Meister, 2013
• Automeris alticola Lemaire, 1975
• Automeris altotridens Brechlin & Meister, 2011
• Automeris amagabriellae Brechlin & Meister, 2011
• Automeris amaloretensis Brechlin & Meister, 2011
• Automeris amanda Schaus, 1900
• Automeris amasanata Brechlin & Meister, 2011
• Automeris amoena Boisduval, 1875
• Automeris andicola Bouvier, 1930
• Automeris angulatus Conte, 1906
• Automeris anika Brechlin, Master & van Schayck, 2011
• Automeris anikmeisterae Brechlin & Meister, 2011
• Automeris annulata Schaus, 1906
• Automeris argentifera Lemaire, 1966
• Automeris arianae Brechlin & Meister, 2011
• Automeris arminia ( Stoll )
• Automeris averna Druce, 1886
• Automeris bahamata Brechlin & Meister, 2014
• Automeris balachowskyi Lemaire, 1966
• Automeris belizonensis Brechlin & Meister, 2014
• Automeris banus ( Boisduval, 1875)
• Automeris barinasmargaritae Brechlin & Meister, 2011
• Automeris barragani Brechlin, Käch & Meister, 2013
• Automeris basalis Walker, 1855
• Automeris beckeri Herrich -Schäffer, 1856
• Automeris Belti Druce, 1886
• Automeris beutelspacheri Lemaire, 2002
• Automeris bilinea Walker, 1855
• Automeris boops ( Fields, 1874)
• Automeris boucardi Druce, 1886
• Automeris boudinoti Lemaire, 1982
• Automeris boudinotiana Lemaire, 1986
• Automeris brenneri Brechlin, Master & van Schayck, 2011
• Automeris castrensis Schaus, 1898
• Automeris caucensis Lemaire, 1976
• Automeris cecrojaliscensis Brechlin & Meister, 2011
• Automeris cecrops ( Boisduval, 1875)
• Automeris celata Lemaire, 1969
• Automeris chacona Draudt, 1929
• Automeris choco Brechlin & Meister, 2011
• Automeris chrisbrechlinianae Brechlin & Meister, 2011
• Automeris chris breaking linae Brechlin & Meister, 2014
• Automeris chrismeisterae Brechlin & Meister, 2011
• Automeris cinctinicaraguana Brechlin & Meister, 2011
• Automeris cinctistriga ( Fields, 1874)
• Automeris colenon Dyar, 1912
• Automeris complicata Walker, 1855
• Automeris coresus Boisduval, 1859
• Automeris cosangana Brechlin, Käch & Meister, 2013
• Automeris cryptica Dognin, 1911
• Automeris cundinamarcensis Brechlin & Meister, 2011
• Automeris curvilinea Schaus, 1906
• Automeris cuscoata Brechlin & Meister, 2011
• Automeris cuscosylviae Brechlin & Meister, 2011
• Automeris dagmarae Brechlin & Meister, 2011
• Automeris dandemon Dyar, 1912
• Automeris daudiana Druce, 1894
• Automeris denhezorum Lemaire, 1966
• Automeris denticulatusConte, 1906
• Automeris descimoni Lemaire, 1972
• Automeris despicata Draudt, 1929
• Automeris dianae Brechlin & Meister, 2011
• Automeris dielfi Brechlin, Käch & Meister, 2011
• Automeris Dognini Lemaire, 1966
• Automeris draudtiana Lemaire, 1973
• Automeris duchartrei Bouvier, 1936
• Automeris ecuata Brechlin & Meister, 2011
• Automeris Egeus ( Cramer, 1776)
• Automeris elcearaiana Brechlin & Meister, 2014
• Automeris elenensis Lemaire, 2002
• Automeris eogena ( Fields, 1874)
• Automeris escalantei Lemaire, 1968
• Automeris excreta Draudt, 1929
• Automeris fabiani Brechlin & Meister, 2011
• Automeris falco Jordan, 1910
• Automeris fieldi Lemaire, 1969
• Automeris Fletcheri Lemaire, 1966
• Automeris frankae Brechlin & Meister, 2011
• Automeris gabriella Lemaire, 1966
• Automeris gadouae Lemaire, 1966
• Automeris godarti ( Boisduval, 1875)
• Automeris good soni Lemaire, 1966
• Automeris grammoboliviana Brechlin & Meister, 2011
• Automeris grammocajamarcensis Brechlin & Meister, 2011
• Automeris grammocuscoensis Brechlin & Meister, 2011
• Automeris gram modes Jordan, 1910
• Automeris grammopiurensis Brechlin & Meister, 2011
• Automeris granulosus Conte, 1906
• Automeris hamata, Schaus, 1906
• Automeris harricajamarcensis Brechlin & Meister, 2011
• Automeris harrisorum Lemaire, 1966
• Automeris harriyungasiana Brechlin & Meister, 2011
• Automeris lift (Walker, 1865)
• Automeris hegena Brechlin & Meister, 2011
• Automeris heppneri Lemaire, 1982
• Automeris hesdimasiana Brechlin & Meister, 2014
• Automeris hesselorum Ferguson, 1972
• Automeris huascari Brechlin, Käch & Meister, 2013
• Automeris iguaquensis Lemaire & Amarillo - Suarez, 1992
• Automeris illustris Walker, 1855
• Automeris incarnata Walker, 1865
• Automeris innoxia Schaus, 1906
• Automeris inornata Walker, 1855
• Automeris intertridens Brechlin & Meister, 2011
• Automeris io (Fabricius, 1775)
• Automeris iris (Walker, 1865)
• Automeris iwanowitschi Brechlin, Käch & Meister, 2013
• Automeris jalishena Brechlin & Meister, 2011
• Automeris janrudloffi Brechlin & Meister, 2011
• Automeris janus ( Cramer, 1775)
• Automeris jinotegana Brechlin & Meister, 2011
• Automeris Jivaro Dognin, 1891
• Automeris juarezia Brechlin & Meister, 2011
• Automeris jucunda ( Stoll )
• Automeris jucundoides Schaus, 1906
• Automeris junogabriellae Brechlin & Meister, 2011
• Automeris jupachacona Brechlin & Meister, 2011
• Automeris kaechi Brechlin & Meister, 2011
• Automeris kitchingi Brechlin & Meister, 2011
• Automeris kopturae Lemaire, 1982
• Automeris lachaumei Lemaire, 2002
• Automeris lamercedia Brechlin & Meister, 2011
• Automeris lapazchowskyi Brechlin & Meister, 2011
• Automeris larra (Walker, 1855)
• Automeris lauroia Oiticica, 1965
• Automeris lauta Johnson & Michener, 1948
• Automeris lempirensis Brechlin & Meister, 2014
• Automeris lenarti Brechlin, Master & van Schayck, 2011
• Automeris Liberia ( Cramer, 1780)
• Automeris Lojana Brechlin & Meister, 2014
• Automeris louisiana Ferguson & Brou, 1981
• Automeris macphaili Schaus, 1921
• Automeris maeonia ( Druce, 1897)
• Automeris magdaleniana Brechlin & Meister, 2011
• Automeris mailinae Brechlin, Master & van Schayck, 2011
• Automeris managuana Brechlin & Meister, 2011
• Automeris manantlanensis Balcázar - Lara
• Automeris manzanoi Brechlin, Käch & Meister, 2013
• Automeris margaritae Lemaire, 1966
• Automeris Marsoni Brechlin & Meister, 2014
• Automeris masti Lemaire, 1972
• Automeris melanops Walker, 1865
• Automeris melmon Dyar, 1912
• Automeris meridionalis Bouvier, 1936
• Automeris metzli ( Sallé, 1853)
• Automeris miamazonica Brechlin & Meister, 2011
• Automeris micheneri Lemaire, 1966
• Automeris midea Maassen & Weymer, 1886
• Automeris mideloretensis Brechlin & Meister, 2011
• Automeris midenapoensis Brechlin & Meister, 2011
• Automeris mideperuensis Brechlin & Meister, 2011
• Automeris mixthena Brechlin & Meister, 2011
• Automeris mixtus Bouvier, 1936
• Automeris moenschorum Brechlin & Meister, 2011
• Automeris moloneyi Druce, 1897
• Automeris monte gabriellae Brechlin & Meister, 2011
• Automeris montezuma ( Boisduval, 1875)
• Automeris moresca Schaus, 1906
• Automeris nadezhdae Brechlin & Meister, 2011
• Automeris napoensis Lemaire, 2002
• Automeris naranja Schaus, 1898
• Automeris nebulosus Conte, 1906
• Automeris niepelti Draudt, 1929
• Automeris nigra Bouvier
• Automeris oaxhena Brechlin, Master & van Schayck, 2011
• Automeris oberthurii Boisduval, 1875
• Automeris occidentalis Draudt, 1929
• Automeris occidentorestes Brechlin & Meister, 2011
• Automeris oiticicai Lemaire, 1966
• Automeris orestes ( Boisduval, 1875)
• Automeris oroiana Brechlin, Käch & Meister, 2013
• Automeris ovalina Conte, 1906
• Automeris pacchana Brechlin, Käch & Meister, 2013
• Automeris pallida Bouvier, 1930
• Automeris pallidior Draudt, 1929
• Automeris paracaleta Brechlin & Meister, 2011
• Automeris parachacona Brechlin & Meister, 2011
• Automeris paracreta Brechlin & Meister, 2011
• Automeris parecuata Brechlin, Käch & Meister, 2013
• Automeris parafera Brechlin & Meister, 2014
• Automeris parageus Brechlin & Meister, 2011
• Automeris parainornata Brechlin & Meister, 2011
• Automeris paralarra Brechlin & Meister, 2011
• Automeris paramaculata Lemaire, 1966
• Automeris paramelanops Brechlin & Meister, 2011
• Automeris parapichinchensis Brechlin & Meister, 2011
• Automeris paraxigua Brechlin & Meister, 2011
• Automeris pastaziana Brechlin & Meister, 2011
• Automeris peggyae Brechlin & Meister, 2011
• Automeris pelaezi Beutelspacher, 1988
• Automeris peruviana Bouvier, 1929
• Automeris petrovae Brechlin & Meister, 2014
• Automeris phrynon Druce, 1897
• Automeris pichichensis Lemaire, 1976
• Automeris pinasi Brechlin, Käch & Meister, 2013
• Automeris pinasiata Brechlin & Meister, 2014
• Automeris pomifera Schaus, 1906
• Automeris pomiferoides Brechlin & Meister, 2011
• Automeris postalbida Schaus, 1900
• Automeris praemargaritae Lemaire, 2002
• Automeris pueblensis Brechlin, Master & van Schayck, 2011
• Automeris punochacona Brechlin & Meister, 2011
• Automeris randa Druce, 1894
• Automeris rectilinea Bouvier, 1926
• Automeris rostralis Lemaire, 2002
• Automeris rotunda Lemaire, 1971
• Automeris rougeoti Lemaire, 1966
• Automeris rubrescens (Walker, 1855)
• Automeris rudloffjani Brechlin & Meister, 2011
• Automeris sachai Brechlin, Käch & Meister, 2013
• Automeris salkorum Brechlin & Meister, 2011
• Automeris sandimasiana Brechlin & Meister, 2014
• Automeris santaclariana Brechlin & Meister, 2011
• Automeris schwartzi Lemaire, 1966
• Automeris Serpina Butler, 1878
• Automeris silkae Brechlin & Meister, 2011
• Automeris siri Brechlin, Master & van Schayck, 2011
• Automeris stumpei Brechlin & Meister, 2011
• Automeris styx Lemaire, 1982
• Automeris submacula Walker, 1855
• Automeris subobscura Weymer, 1909
• Automeris tamaulipasiana Brechlin & Meister, 2011
• Automeris tamsi Lemaire, 1966
• Automeris themis Dognin, 1919
• Automeris thyreon Dyar, 1912
• Automeris tolimaiensis Brechlin & Meister, 2011
• Automeris tridens ( Herrich -Schäffer, 1856)
• Automeris tristis Boisduval, 1875
• Automeris unifasciatus Bouvier, 1927
• Automeris uniorientalis Brechlin, Käch & Meister, 2013
• Automeris vanschaycki Brechlin & Meister, 2011
• Automeris vergnei Bouvier, 1936
• Automeris viksinjaevi Brechlin & Meister, 2011
• Automeris violascens ( Maassen & Weyding, 1885)
• Automeris vomona Schaus, 1906
• Automeris watsoni Lemaire, 1966
• Automeris Wayampi Lemaire, 2002
• Automeris wenczeli Brechlin, Master & van Schayck, 2011
• Automeris wernermeisteri Brechlin & Meister, 2011
• Automeris werneri Brechlin & Meister, 2014
• Automeris winbrechlini Brechlin, Käch & Meister, 2011
• Automeris winbrechliniani Brechlin & Meister, 2011
• Automeris windiana Lemaire, 1971
• Automeris witti Brechlin & Meister, 2011
• Automeris yungaiana Brechlin & Meister, 2011
• Automeris yungasmargaritae Brechlin & Meister, 2011
• Automeris Zamorana Brechlin, Käch & Meister, 2013
• Automeris ZARUMA Schaus, 1898
• Automeris Zephyria Grote, 1882
• Automeris zoziboucardi Brechlin & Meister, 2011
• Automeris zozimanaguana Brechlin & Meister, 2011
• Automeris zozine Druce, 1886
• Automeris zozinicaraguana Brechlin & Meister, 2011
• Automeris zugana Druce, 1886
• Automeris zurobara Druce, 1886
• Automeris zurouae Brechlin & Meister, 2011
• Automeris oaxacensis Lemaire, 2002

Documents