Avena fatua
Wild Oat (Avena fatua )
The Wild Oat (Avena fatua ), also known as wild oat, is a species of grass in the genus oats (Avena ). He can - especially in oat fields - represent a problematic weed.
Features
The Wild Oat is an annual grass that grows in loose tufts or with solitary culms. The roots go deep to one meter. The stalks reach a height of 40 to 120, rarely 150 cm, are barren and have three to five knots. The leaf sheaths are glabrous, only the lowest are hairy often scattered. The ligule is a 3 to 6 mm long, membranous hem. The leaf blades are 10-50 cm long, 4-10 mm wide, spread out flat, rough and short hair at the base and at the edge.
The inflorescence is a panicle 10-40 cm long, which is broad and pyramidal to 20 cm. It is easy, gleichseitwendig and bears hanging spikelets. The spikelets are composed of 2-3 florets and are - without awn - 16 to 25, rarely 30 mm long. The florets fall when ripe from individually, the stop glumes. The callus of the florets is short and thickly studded with 3-5 mm long hairs. The glumes are similar, 7 - to 9 - annoying, the same length as the spikelet, from lanceolate, long - pointed shape and bald. The lemmas are 7 - annoying, 15 to 20 mm long, from lanceolate, notched at the top of the form and have two side tabs on top. Your lower half is filled with stiff, often brown hairs or rarely glabrous. In the middle of the back, a 15 to 40 mm long sitting, with twisted awn gekniete Untergranne. The palea are slightly shorter than the lemmas. The anthers are about 3 mm long. Bloom time is from June to August.
The caryopses are densely hairy and 7-8 mm long. They are up to 20 years germinable. The chromosome number is 2n = 42
Dissemination and locations
The Wild Oat is spread from Europe to central Asia, and North Africa. After North America, he was introduced latter day.
The species occurs from the plains up to middle mountain ranges before and is scattered to widespread. In the Alps, it rises to 1700 m. It grows on fresh to moist, nutrient and base-rich, slightly acidic to mild, humus- poor, stony loam and clay soils.
It is a cereal weeds with a strong tendency to spread. The plant also grows in ruderal dumps and railway stations. Since the Bronze Age, it is a cultural guides and Central Europe archaeophyte. The spread is primarily by humans ( anthropochor ).
Importance
The Wild Oat is a class Kennart of cereal weeds companies ( Secalietea ). It often grows in oat fields and surmounted with its panicles the oat far. Even with other cereal species can occur as a troublesome weed and is usually difficult to tackle. Promising are about changes in crop rotations.
Avena fatua affects greatly reduced earnings. Very disturbing it is in seed production of grain.
Trivial name
For the plant species are used as trivial names the names Bart Oats ( Silesia), Behhafer, blind Haber ( Salzburg ), fracture oats (Silesia ), Dispenhafer (Silesia ), Flew oats (Göttingen), wild oats, Gauch Haber ( Alsace ), Gorsperich, Haber poison Haber Grass (Silesia ), Haber herb ( Silesia), Habertwalch, Wild Hawer ( Ostfriesland), mice oats (Silesia ), mouse oats (Alsace ), Ok ( Altmark), Raspen, reefs, cracks, panicles, black oats (Silesia ), Spitz Ling (Alsace ), Trefzen, Twalch (Alsace ), Wild oats ( Silesia) and wild oat (Silesia ) occupied.
Documents
- Hans -Joachim Conert: Pareys grasses book. Identify and determine the grasses Germany. Blackwell Scientific Publishers, Berlin, Vienna, 2000. ISBN 3-8263-3327-6.