Avro Avian
The Avro 594 Avian was a two-seat biplane of the British aircraft manufacturer Avro.
- 3.1 values that were identical in all Avro 594 versions
- 3.2 Deviating data of different versions
History
Avian I
After the Avro 581 Avian was extremely successful as a single piece - not least by the solo flight of Bert Hinkler from England to Australia - matured at Avro, the decision to manufacture based on the 581 a machine in series, as you promised yourself a commercial success. In the design phase, the aircraft had the type designation Avro 581B, as the first two pre-production aircraft were completed in April 1927, but told them to be the type designation Avro 594 Avian I.
Featuring these two aircraft were payable with a 63.4 kW ( 86.2 hp) ADC Cirrus II engine. A copy was delivered to the Royal Aircraft Establishment Aero Club, the other machine first took part in the King's Cup Race in 1927 and the International Air Meeting in Zurich, before it was sold to the Lancashire Aero Club. Both machines later took part in different competitions.
Avian II
In May 1927, the improved successor Avro 594 Avian II appeared Six machines were built and also equipped with the Cirrus II. The machines differed from the Avian 594 I by the folding wings and the modified suspension, they were equipped with the Hinkler patent, which he had built for the first time of the Avro 581.
One of these machines won with the high competition in Copenhagen Flying Meeting in the Danish Kastrup to reach 3,886 meters in 90 minutes on 4 September 1927. During the return flight to Hamble, the pilot flew However, because compass failure and had the machine due to a lack of fuel in the vicinity of the Isle of Wight ditch.
Another machine of this series was (the former track and field athlete Sophie Pierce ) were delivered to the Irish aviation pioneer Sophie Elliott -Lynn, a remarkable tour started with the airplane in July 1927 across England, while in 21.5 hours total of about 2100 km lay back and 79 landings completed. Then flew Elliott -Lynn with the 594 over 4,800 kilometers across Europe to Wroclaw and back and took the plane later part in various racing events.
A single piece was the Avro 594 Avian II A; This machine was equipped with a specially constructed Avro Alpha - series engine with an output of 74.6 kW ( 101.4 hp). Avro Chief Test Pilot Bert Hinkler took with this aircraft at the King 's Cup Race on July 20, 1927 part, but a wily carburetor threw him out of the race. Then, this machine has been fitted with new wings and redrawn as Avro 594C. This copy of Sophie Elliott -Lynn flew on 8 October 1927, 5,852 meters a new altitude record for light aircraft with a passenger. In this case, the Avro Alpha ran for two hours under full load, and probably would have the machine may rise even higher if the record attempt, not because of fog should have been aborted.
Another variant appeared with the Avro 594B Avian II with a 55.9 kW ( 76 hp) payable series motor Armstrong Siddeley Genet II; of this type, three piece from Australia were ordered. One of these machines was later with a 105 hp ( 78.3 kW/106, 5 HP) payable Genet Major I from a crashed Avro 619 Five to 594 Avian IV converted.
Avian III
It was followed by two pre-production version of the Avro 594 Avian III. The first of these machines was taken in September 1927, the current Avian II production and rebuilt for the British aviation pioneer Captain William "Bill" N. Lancaster. With small modifications over large tanks were installed. With these special features, the airplane received the type designation Avro 600 became known the machine under the name " Red Rose" (English: Red Rose); with her flew Lancaster among others to Australia, where he sold them. After several further changes of ownership, this machine burned in 1936 in Singleton (New South Wales) from the floor.
After the two pre-production aircraft Avro produced a total of 31 series machines of Avian III. Of which received a Lady Heath, the former Sophie Elliott -Lynn (see above ) for a solo flight, she took off from Cape of Croydon in South Africa in March 1928. Later they sold the aircraft to the U.S. aviation pioneer Amelia Earhart.
Six Avian III were converted to seaplanes and sold to the Western Canadian Airways Ltd., Winnipeg. Another machine from the current series has also been tentatively converted to seaplane and received during this time, the type designation Avro Avian 605
Three machines were using the new A.D.C. Cirrus III, who made 67.1 kW ( 91.25 hp), equipped and participated as Avian IIIA successfully participated in the King's Cup Race in 1928.
From the Avro 594 Avian III, 58 pieces were produced, of which 16 copies for the U.S. market that were sold by Air Associates Inc. in New York. One of these American machines bought M. A. Northrop, founder of Northrop Aircraft, further Avian III was employed by the Ford Motor Company.
An Avian III was delivered to the Air Force of South Africa; The success of this machine was the foundation for future more good business with Avro. Another copy delivered Avro Tanzania.
Caused a stir an equipped with metal floats Avian III, the back lined with American identity under the name " Seattle Spirit" in September 1928 for a distance of 43,452 kilometers as part of a circumnavigation of the world, but during this trip at a start in Bastia on Corsica on 15 September 1928 was excessive and crashed.
As a precaution, we laid down at the Avro type designation 605 for the float version of the Avian III, a series production of these machines, however, did not it.
Instead came the end of 1928 the Avro 594B series out a version with threaded forward landing gear to improve stability. Also, some machines of the series Avian Avian II and III were converted later to this new chassis.
Avian IV
The final development of the Avro Avian 594 series was the Avian IV, improved 594B. First, a comprehensive three aircraft pilot series was produced. Of which received a equipped with Cirrus III engine, the engine manufacturer ADC, another with the 80 hp ( 59.7 kW/81, 1 HP) payable Genet II motorized Avian IV received JD Siddeley, which had signaled an economic stake in the company Avro. The third machine (with Cirrus III) bought a British cricket player.
The Avian IV became the most successful variant of the Avian series. A total of about 90 machines of this version were produced, most of them equipped with the Cirrus III, some with the Cirrus Hermes Ia ( 105 hp/78, 3 kW/106, 5 hp), the Cirrus Hermes IIs (115 hp/85, 8 kW/116, 6 hp) and a copy of the de Havilland Gipsy I.
Some of the Avian IV flew up in 1941, partly by privately-initiated motor changes with exotic and non-standard engine models.
Aircraft Avian IV series were delivered in various countries, so to Argentina, Australia, Brazil, China ( 14 pieces as a coach for the Chinese naval aviation ), Mexico, Norway (one copy was used at a Norwegian polar expedition ), South Africa and Spain.
1929 Avian IV hull was the basis for a Cierva C.17 - - Giro used ( Avro 612), later Avro 612 Hydro Giro.
Military use
- Estonian Air Force
- Royal Canadian Air Force
- Ejército del Aire
- Spanish Republican Air Force
- Royal Air Force
Specifications
Values that were identical in all Avro 594 versions
Deviating data of the different versions
An Avro - alpha line engine with 74.6 kW ( 101.4 hp) ( Avro 594 Avian II A )
" Red Rose" ( Avro 600): about 422 kg Standard seaplane: 460 kg
" Red Rose" ( Avro 600): about 783 kg Standard seaplane: 726 kg
Avro 594 Avian at the Museum
An Avian III with the registration G - EBZM is now in good restored, but not airworthy condition at the Museum of Science and Industry in Manchester, England.