Baccharis

Baccharis salicifolia

Baccharis is a genus of flowering plants in the sunflower family ( Asteraceae). The about 360 species are distributed mainly in South and Central America and Mexico, but some species occur also in the USA.

Description

The Baccharis species grow as shrubs or perennial herbaceous plants. The simple leaves are alternate.

All species of this genus are dioecious. The basket- shaped, grouped in panicles inflorescences consist of either female or male, usually white or pink tubular flowers ( disc florets ). Ray flowers are absent. The bracts are arranged like roof tiles and the outer smaller than the inner ones. The floral axis is naked and often pitted. The fünflappige crown is slender in the female flowers and Roehrig in the male. The stamens are dull. The ramifications of the stylus are narrow or subulate, provided in the fertile flowers smooth and outstanding in the sterile flowers rudimentary and at the top with an oval hairy appendages.

The fruits are more or less compressed, ribbed achenes with a pappus abundant hairy. In the sterile flowers, there is only a short pappus.

Pollination is by insects, especially bees, flies and wasps, but also beetles and butterflies.

Trivial names

In the U.S., some Baccharis species locally broom ( " broom " ) are called, which is also the name for the unrelated broom. In Spanish they are called romerillo ( "little rosemary "). In the Andes, the Baccharis species are called in Quechua, among other ch'illka (also chillka or chilka, from local Spanish Chilca ) t'ula ( thula ) or tayanka ( tayanqa ), where several of these valid names for one and the same kind can be.

Dissemination

The natural distribution areas of Baccharis species extend over large parts of South and North America. Some species were introduced to Europe ( Spain) and Australia, where they spread as an invasive plant species. Some other species, especially in the northern Andes, are threatened by habitat destruction in their inventory.

Use

Due to their solid, flexible timber several Baccharis species are used as hedge plants for breaking the wind. Other species are interesting because of their wealth nectar for bees and honey production.

Due to their solid roots Baccharis species are important for erosion control and are therefore also planted in the Andes, including Baccharis salicifolia ( Quechua ch'illka ). As the English name suggests, broom, Baccharis species are used as brooms. In some indigenous Quechua Andean communities they are the only plant used for broom making. They have the advantage that their leaves do not fall off even from the dried plant so that this broom can be well used for sweeping up the threshed grain.

The wood is often used as firewood. Many species are also used in folk medicine use, such as the resin- rich leaves of Baccharis ivaefolia for Dislocations and for wound healing. From Ch'illka - ash lye ( llipt'a ) is produced in the Andes, are mixed with the coca leaves to chew.

Diseases

53 species of rust fungi have been found in species of the genus Baccharis, including Puccinia baccharidis, Puccinia evadens, Puccinia baccharidis Multi florae, Puccinia interjecta and Puccinia pistorica. Other fungal pathogens on Baccharis spp. dothidea and Phomopsis spp are puccinioides.

System

The genus Baccharis was described by Carl Linnaeus in 1753 in Species Plantarum first time. The genus Molina Ruiz & Pav 1798 Hipólito Ruiz López and described by José Antonio Pavón y Jiménez, as compared with Baccharis independently postulated is a synonym; described in the same place Molina species were assigned to the genus Baccharis of Christiaan Hendrik Persoon in 1807. Molina striata is a synonym of Baccharis ivaefolia. Other synonyms of the genus Baccharis are Sergilus Gaertn. , Tursenia Cass., Pingraea Cass., Baccharidastrum Cabrera, Baccharidiopsis GMBarroso and Neomolina Hellwig nom. Illegit. non Honda & Sakis.

Types (selection)

There are about 360 Baccharis species:

• Baccharis andina - Last'a tayanka
• Baccharis articulata ( Lam. ) Pers.
• Baccharis arbutifolia
• Baccharis arenaria
• Baccharis aretioides
• Baccharis brachylaenoides DC.
• Baccharis brachyphylla
• Baccharis caespitosa ( Ruiz & Pav ) Pers.
• Baccharis concava ( Ruiz & Pav ) Pers.
• Baccharis douglasii - Salt Marsh Baccharis, Douglas ' Baccharis
• Baccharis dracunculifolia DC. - T'ula
• Baccharis eggersii
• Baccharis emoryi
• Baccharis floribunda - Sach'a ch'illka
• Baccharis fusca
• Baccharis genistelloides pers. - Kimsa k'uchu
• Baccharis gracilis DC.
• Baccharis halimifolia - Eastern Baccharis, Groundsel Bush, Groundsel Tree, Consumption Weed, cotton- seed tree, Silverling
• Baccharis hambatensis
• Baccharis Hieronymi
• Baccharis huairacajensis
• Baccharis intermixta Gardner
• Baccharis L. ivaefolia - Ch'illka
• Baccharis juncea ( Lehm. ) Desf.
• Baccharis klattii
• Baccharis lanceolata - Urquhart ch'illka
• Baccharis ligustrina DC.
• Baccharis linearis - Romerillo chileno
• Baccharis microdonta DC.
• Baccharis myrsinites
• Baccharis odorata - Tayanka or Urquhart t'ula
• Baccharis parviflora ( Ruiz & Pav ) Pers. - Ch'illka
• Baccharis pentlandii - Mayu ch'illka
• Baccharis pilularis - Bush Baccharis, Coyote Brush, Coyote Bush, Chaparral Broom
• Baccharis platypoda DC.
• Baccharis plummerae
• Baccharis polyantha Kunth - Ch'illka
• Baccharis punctulata DC.
• Baccharis racemosa ( Ruiz & Pav ) DC.
• Baccharis rhomboidalis Remy
• Baccharis sagittal
• Baccharis salicifolia ( Ruiz & Pav ) Pers. - Mulefat, Seep -willow, water - wally, Batamote, Hatun ch'illka
• Baccharis sarothroides - Broom Baccharis, Desert Broom
• Baccharis semiserrata DC.
• Baccharis sergiloides - Desert Baccharis
• Baccharis serrula Sch.Bip.
• Baccharis L. sessifolia
• Baccharis sphaerocephala - Chilean Radin
• Baccharis tricuneata ( L. F. ) Pers.
• Baccharis tridentata Vahl
• Baccharis trimera ( Less. ) DC.
• Baccharis uncinella DC.
• Baccharis Vanessae