Ballota nigra

Kurzzähnige Perilla ( Ballota nigra subsp. Meridionalis )

The Perilla ( Ballota nigra), also stink and Black Horehound Gottvergess called, is a flowering plant in the mint family ( Lamiaceae). Of the world's approximately 31 species of black nettles ( Ballota ) comes only this species before in Central Europe.

Description

Appearance and leaves

The Perilla grows as a perennial, herbaceous plant, reaching the heights of growth of about 30 to 100 centimeters. This Hemikryptophyt or Chamaephyt forms a short, creeping rhizome as Überdauerungsorgan. The stems and leaves are soft-hairy and smell unpleasant. The constantly against the stem arranged leaves are stalked.

Flowers and Fruit

The zygomorphic flowers have a double perianth. The petals are bluish - red. It is " Leading nectar lip flowers". Besides vormännlichen hermaphrodite purely female flowers occur.

Are formed Klaus fruit.

Ecology

Cross-pollination is done in numerous insect species; spontaneous self-pollination is successful. Due to the horizontal standing chalices, they can learn a gravity distribution or the dornspitzigen cup teeth cause a fruit dispersal by animals. Also, wind dissemination.

Dissemination and locations

The home of Perilla is the Mediterranean. From there it has spread throughout the temperate zone of the northern hemisphere.

But one can still find quite often in perennial weeds rich societies of ways, fences, rubble heaps. She prefers loose, slightly moist, nitrogen-containing soil. After Ellenberg it is a light plant, an outspoken nitrogen pointer and a Klassencharakterart perennial nitrogen - herb communities ( Artemisietea vulgaris). After Oberdorfer the Langzähnige Perilla is a characteristic species of Leonuro - Ballotetum nigrae (Association Arction ), the Kurzzähnige Schwarznessel a characteristic species of lamio albi - Ballotetum foetidae ( also Arction Association ). This village weed corridors have become rarer.

System

The first publication of Ballota nigra was performed in 1753 by Carl Linnaeus in Species Plantarum. A synonym for Ballota nigra L. is Stachys ballota Kuntze.

From the way Ballota nigra, there are seven subspecies:

• Ballota nigra subsp. anatolica PHDavis: The 3-4 (up to 5 ) mm long calyx teeth are available from almost horizontal. The corolla tube protrudes 3 mm far out of the cup. This subspecies is widespread in northern and central Anatolia and also occurs in European Turkey.
• Ballota nigra subsp. kurdica PHDavis: The 1.5 to 2 mm long calyx teeth protrude apart. The corolla tube protrudes 5 mm far out of the cup. It occurs in northern Iraq and western Iran, and rare in the eastern Anatolia.
• Kurzzähnige Perilla ( Ballota nigra subsp meridionalis ( Beg ) Beg, Syn: .. Ballota nigra subsp foetida ( Vis. ) Hayek, Ballota alba L.. ): The only 1 to 2.5 (up to 3 ) mm long, erect calyx teeth are ovate and end in a suddenly contracted, only 0.2 to 0.5 mm long spike tip. This subspecies has its distribution area in western Central Europe, has been but also spread to Eastern Europe.
• Langzähnige Perilla ( Ballota nigra L. subsp nigra, Syn. Ballota ruderalis Sw. ): The ( 2.5 to ) 4 to 6.5 mm long, narrowly triangular - pfriemlichen calyx teeth are erect to erect - upstanding and run in a stabbing, 2 to 3 mm long awn from. The corolla tube protrudes more than a little out of the funnel-shaped calyx. This subspecies has its main range in eastern Central Europe, has been but also spread to Western Europe.
• Ballota nigra subsp. sericea ( Vanda ) Patzak: reminds you of Ballota nigra subsp. meridionalis, but has a little enlarged calyx at the top and a silky - felted hair with shiny, sessile glands. It occurs in Montenegro, Albania and Macedonia and Greece in Macedonia, Thessaly and Euboea.
• Ballota nigra subsp. uncinata ( Fiori & BEGUINOT ) Patzak: reminds you of Ballota nigra subsp. meridionalis, but the calyx teeth are far from the spike tip is often bent back or widerhakig curved. It is widespread in the Mediterranean and the Atlantic islands.
• Ballota nigra subsp. velutina ( Posp. ) Patzak: It has a short, grayish, velvety - felt-like hairs and reaches only plant height of 30 cm. The calyx teeth are far from. It comes in Dalmatia north to Istria before and possibly also reached the neighboring Italy. There it is clearly established from the Basilicata and possibly also occurs in the Abruzzo region.

Trivial name

For the plant species often were or, in some cases even regional, in use as additional German -language common names, the following names: Aindorn ( Middle High German ), Brune Ander ( Old High German ), Andor ( mittelhochdeutsc ), horehound ( Middle High German ), Andoren ( Middle High German ), Black Horehound, Andren ( middle High German ), Andron ( middle High German ), Anthorn ( middle High German ), Antron ( middle High German ), Ballote ( Switzerland ), Brunader ( middle High German ), Bult ( Old Dutch ), Fenweibel ( Austria ), Brun Godesvorgetene, Godvorghetene, Gotsvorgessen, Gottsvergess, Greander ( low German ), resin team, Huft ( Old Dutch ), Hulse ( Old Dutch ), Heist ( Old Dutch ), Maropel ( middle Low German ), Roit ( middle High German ), Roth Abel ( middle High German ), Rotnavel ( middle Low German ), Segmüntz ( middle High German ), Sigmintze ( middle High German ), Taubenzila ( old High German ), The old woman ( Austria ) and toothless (Leipzig).