Banovina of Croatia

The semi-autonomous Banovina Hrvatska ( Croatia banat ) in the Kingdom of Yugoslavia was established on 26 August 1939 with the Serbo- Croatian compensation by the Cvetković - Sporazum Macek. The aim was to defuse the Croatian Serb conflict and thus bring about the political stability of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia.

The Banovina Hrvatska was formed from the inhabited mostly by Croats areas of various royal Yugoslav Banats, including the majority of areas of the Croats in Bosnia and Herzegovina. It existed until the destruction of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia and the establishment of the Independent State of Croatia on 10 April 1941.

  • 6.1 General government order
  • 6.2 General government parliament
  • 6.3 Self-Government
  • 6.4 Banal Government (1940 )

History

The Croats were granted by Legislative Decree own administrative unit, bringing the idea of compensation in Yugoslavia should be successfully implemented in reality. This included, among other things, provide the Banovina of Croatia with extensive self-determination rights as well as domestic political and economic powers. Yugoslavia now consisted of seven Yugoslav and Croatian Banovina.

In 1941, the Royal Yugoslav Army capitulated after the invasion of German, Italian and Hungarian troops and the Kingdom of Yugoslavia was broken. Thus ended the Banovina of Croatia, on whose territory on 10 April, the Independent State of Croatia as a vassal state of the Axis powers, was established.

Geography

The area of ​​the Banovina of Croatia was 66,393 km ², and contained the hitherto existing

And the following counties ( kotari ) other Banats:

The capital of the Banovina of Croatia was Zagreb.

Population

The Banovina of Croatia had 4,403,199 inhabitants, of which:

  • 3.06168 million Croats
  • 847 005 Serbs
  • 174 150 Bosniaks
  • 96 023 German
  • 62 647 Magyars
  • 40,939 Czechs
  • 40 524 Slovenes
  • 13,189 Slovaks
  • 7,468 Ukrainians
  • 6,867 Italians
  • 5,498 Russians
  • 5414 Poland
  • 41 956 Other.

Outside of the Banovina of Croatia 421 198 Croats remained in the territories of former Yugoslavia Bosnia and Herzegovina ( 205 987 ), Vojvodina ( 121 741 ), Srem ( 31,227 ), Bay of Kotor ( 14,172 ), Slovenia ( 19,354 ), Serbia and Montenegro ( 28 717 ) and the then Italy belonging Istria and Rijeka.

Cities

The cities of the Banovina Hrvatska with the most inhabitants were Zagreb ( 185 581 ), Split ( 43,711 ), Osijek ( 40 337 ), Šibenik ( 37 271 ), Karlovac ( 21,210 ), Mostar ( 20,295 ), Dubrovnik ( 16,147 ), Susak ( 16,111 ) Varaždin ( 14,612 ), Brod ( 13,776 ), Vinkovci ( 13,267 ), Sisak ( 10,915 ), Vukovar ( 10,862 ), Virovitica ( 10,652 ), Bjelovar ( 10,252 ) and Koprivnica ( 9472 ).

Symbols

Flag

Before the establishment of Banovina Croatia the use of Croatian red-white- blue tricolor was forbidden. After the foundation is no official flag was set by the Banovina of Croatia. The private sector and the state, however, was the use of a horizontally divided red-white- blue flag with centrally positioned in the white stripe coat of arms of Croatia ( beginning with a first red box ) to the common law. Often, this flag was used without crest.

Coat of arms

In contrast to the flag, the coat of arms of the Banovina of Croatia, upon the adoption of banschaftlichen Cabinet on September 10, 1940, were officially established. The decree wrote all government agencies in the Banovina of Croatia before the practical use of large and small coat of arms and was provided with the drawings of the two coats of arms. The aim of the decree was to standardize, after various versions were used in the first months of the Banovina within the administration.

The large coat of arms of the Banovina of Croatia was the Serbian and Yugoslav Royal double-headed eagle with red beaks, tongues and fangs. Crowned with the Yugoslav royal crown and topped with a golden rimmed heart sign with the Croatian coat of arms ( starting with a first red box ). Use found it on the oval white designation signs at entrances of buildings by public authorities (eg ministries, notaries ).

The small coat of arms of the Banovina of Croatia was the golden frame around the heart shield of the Great Seal, crowned with the Yugoslav royal crown. Using, for example, found it for official seal, stamp and stamps.

Policy

General government order

Through the creation of the Banovina of Croatia, there was no formation of a federation, as was partly required by the Croatian side. This process had neither a state nor a constitutional amendment conversion result, but put a definitive system for later in prospect. Rather, the central government ( Kingdom of Yugoslavia ) delegated powers and responsibilities to a part of the state ( Banovina of Croatia ).

Total State Parliament

The bond to the State was emphasized by the entry Vladko Macek as deputy prime minister in the royal Yugoslav cabinet. Furthermore, the Croats Juraj SUTEJ came as finance minister, Ivan Andres as Minister of Commerce and Josip Torbar as Postmaster General in the general government cabinet. This should make " the participation and cooperation of the Croats in the life of the state [ Kingdom of Yugoslavia ] and thus the public interest " can be ensured.

Self-administration

The Banovina of Croatia was given the responsibility for agriculture, trade and industry, forestry and mining administration, public works, social policy, public health, physical education, justice, education, internal administrative and financial autonomy within their borders. The Yugoslav central government remained the responsibilities for military, transportation, international trade and foreign policy.

Banal Government (1940 )

Culture

With government support of the Banovina of Croatia, the first Croatian encyclopedia could be realized. The first volume of this culturally significant project was published in February 1941.

Importance

The formation of the Banovina of Croatia meant for the Kingdom of Yugoslavia, a departure from the hitherto prevailing state centralism and a change in the existing political order. In contrast to the existing and remaining Banats the Banovina of Croatia was formed according to the ethnic principle, that is, the majority of Croats inhabited areas were combined in a Banovina. This ended de facto also the ideology of the national and state unit in the Kingdom of Yugoslavia and it became a foundation for a future federal state order placed.

However, the Serbian-Croatian compensation did not have the desired effect for both parties. Many Croats went autonomy not go far enough; in particular, they accused Vladko Macek, that he had, betrayed the national cause of Croatia with the abandonment of Bosnia, which did not belong to the Croatian Banovina, for the most part. The centralist Serbs accused the government of betrayal of their national interests.

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