Baritone horn
The Baritone ( baritone, baritone horn) is a brass instrument with 4 or 3 valves, very similar to the tenor horn. Mood of the baritone is also contra - B, but it is further mensuriert built.
The baritone horn is blown with the cup-shaped mouthpiece. In Central and Eastern Europe, the baritone is mostly used in the oval ( Bohemian ) form. In recent years it has become increasingly the straight configuration, the euphonium, as well (referred to frequently as Oberkrainerbesetzung baritone ) is an even ( German ) form with the horns forward, the Bellfront established, consisting of the Western Europe (France, Benelux States, Iberian Peninsula and originates mainly UK). Together the two horns is a basic pipe length of 2.62 m.
Differences between baritone and tenor horn
One difference to the tenor horn arises from the scale length of the baritone, which, that is, is much more strongly conical. The Mensurunterschied between the two horns is comparable to that between cornet and flugelhorn, although not quite as pronounced roughly.
Due to further scale the root of the baritone can easily be played as a pedal tone, as on the tenor horn. Furthermore, the baritone sounds a bit softer and fuller in the deep layers than the tenor horn. Nowadays, tenor horn parts are usually played because of the softer sound, with a baritone. In addition, the wide scale means that the intonation on the baritone is more variable than that of the tenor horn. Therefore, poorly tuned notes can still be easily corrected by the baritone player with the approach mainly in the deep layers. One difference lies in the fact that the baritone is usually with four (sometimes five ) valves. The fourth valve is a fourth valve, which ( with 2 4 instead of 1 2 3 c and F with 4 instead of 1 3, H and E) not only contributes to a better mood of certain sounds, but the instrument to a fourth Advanced tone Scale in depth gives ( lowest note pedal tone except contra -B is contra -H).
The Tenor Horn is listed in the treble clef, while the voices for the baritone are often written in the bass clef. Voices in the treble clef for the baritone but also often used, especially in Southwest Germany and Switzerland. This traditional reasons, in practice baritone players are often Brass, who started on the high instruments trumpet, flugelhorn or Eb Horn and therefore the B- votes are accustomed with treble clef. Baritone players learned start today increasingly sounding notation (C- voice ) and bass clef.
In the trombone baritone horn in the bass and the tenor horn is mostly used in the tenor. Here, both voices are usually listed in the bass clef.
Use of the baritone horn
While the baritone horn was disconnected earlier noted and used by mostly three-voice tenor horn set, this distinction has survived about since the beginning of the 1990s. With the occupation of the band was increasingly on the 2nd / 3rd Tenor Horn waived, and therefore only occupies the baritone and tenor horn 1 vote. The occupation of the western European / American literature looks at the modern pieces very often only one vote for tenor horn and baritone horn before, but then noted in treble and bass clef.
When purchasing new, the trend is the tenor horn for baritone horn. The requirements for the baritone player be increased by this practice, as it is now not only responsible for the baritone but also for the tenor in the sheet tab. Specifically encounter baritone voices now to sounding b 'and higher before, eg in the play MacArthur Park by Philip Sparke. The previously discussed differences between tenor and baritone horn are no longer used for an enlarged sound image. On the other hand, the two horn variants in the higher elevations (about upstream of the b ) due to their almost identical sound spectrum in these locations anyway hardly be distinguished from each other, since the formant there have no more influence. Newer compositions occupy the tenor increasingly with the French horn, for example, in arrangements of film music, which further limits the possibilities of the tenor horn in modern brass music. The popularity of tenor and baritone horn in the traditional brass band (esp. march and polka literature), however, is unbroken, for example, the piece Bohemian dream of Norbert Gälle. The voice leading of the baritone horn is significantly different from that of the tenor horn, as the baritone voice and attitude generally clear from the tenor voice is different (example: Florentine march by Julius Fučík ). The baritone horn in the band often met the same function as the bassoon, with the latter more is only manned for symphonic wind bands.
The English baritone
In the English-speaking language area is meant by a baritone horn ( or shortly baritone ) a deep saxhorn member of the family, which is also tuned in B, and thus corresponds to the German tenor horn. Similarly, can the English term euphonium compare with the German baritone horn.
It usually has three or four perinet without compensation system. In Britain, there is virtually exclusively to be found in brass bands. In the U.S., it is also often played in high school and college chapels, as many schools still have older loaner in the fundus. However, these are increasingly being replaced by simple Euphoniums new purchases.
The still occasionally encountered misconception that this is basically RELATES at dreiventiligen instruments for Baritone and vierventiligen to Euphoniums, goes back to the fact that some American manufacturers before their top models incomprehensibly as " Euphoniums " and their entry-level models marketed as " Baritone ". In practice, the different interpretation of the term baritone ( e) shall, in the German or English language in German music circles for occasional irritation, because the names are matched in many note records on the English language ( applies to both titles as well as instrument names, especially in the rain publishers from the Benelux countries).
A very similar instrument like the English baritone is also common in France as a baritone or barytone, but there rather with three valves and the compensation system.