Baronet

Baronet ( female form, although extremely rare: Baronetess, both as a diminutive to Baron) is a title in the United Kingdom, - may be awarded by the British monarch to a rule British Civil - among other things, on the proposal of the Prime Minister and the British government is inherited from the title holder to the following generations and is sometimes (rarely ) associated with the awarding of a fief. The Baronets do not belong in contrast to the Barons in the Peerage, and thus not to the actual British aristocracy, but together with the Knights called Gentry, the lower nobility, with the rank of Knight in contrast to that of a baronet is usually not hereditary is. The most recent baronetcy (English: baronetcy ) - and first since 1965 - was awarded in 1991.

History

The history of the Baronets in the British Isles dates back to the 14th century. The term baronet was originally used for nobles who had lost the right to a seat in Parliament. As a hereditary class rank the baronetcy with the Baronetage of England was introduced on 22 May 1611 King James I.. This offered the title of 200 selected men of noble origin with a stately minimum of 1000 pounds a year, among other reasons, because thus went hand in hand, that the title holder had three years at a high cost fund thirty soldiers of the king, which in turn colonization of Ireland should serve. The Baronetage of Ireland was four months later, on September 30, 1611 and the built in Scotland in 1625. Since the unification of England and Scotland by the Act of Union in 1707 only Baronetcies were awarded by Great Britain and since the Act of Union in 1800 only Baronetcies of the United Kingdom.

Since 1914 (formerly the Home Office ) an official list, the Official Roll issued by the Crown Office in the British Ministry of Justice, on which all the officially recognized Baronetcies are noted. (: The honorable Baronet Society dt about ) been established that in the Standing Council of the Baronetage 1903 1898 was the The Honourable Society of the Baronetage: was converted, which since then for himself as a member organization (Eng. permanent council of the Baronets ) Baronets care of their interests and the creation of the Official roll. Between 1611 and 2012 a total of slightly less than 3500 Baronetcies were awarded. Beginning of the 2010s were still being about something more than 1200 in use. There is also a little more than 150 baronetcies, which are not taken from the living heirs to complete. ( After the Labour Party had taken over the government and promoted a classless society without a hereditary title ) The most recent baronetcy, and first since 1965, was awarded to Denis Thatcher, husband of Margaret Thatcher in 1990. This genetic evaluation, which was primarily viewed as a homage to Margaret Thatcher themselves, by the Lady Thatcher, was controversial in the UK. Since then, no inheritable title more were awarded to non-members of the British royal family.

Practices

The appointment of a baronet is equivalent to the collection in the hereditary nobility. With the award of the title by the monarch but no accolade goes hand in hand. Succession in the dignity of a baronet is regulated with the first award; unlike in most other European aristocracies of the title does not go here in Britain rule during the all children. In most cases, only the eldest surviving son of the deceased heir to the title. If the testator no son, the title can be transferred to another male relative. In some cases, especially in Scottish titles, even a passing through the female line is possible.

The gentry of Great Britain is basically divided into the Baronets and Knights, whose dignity is not hereditary. In the protocol-related ranking in the United Kingdom, the baronet's rank is therefore fundamentally about the Knights or the these subordinate Knight Bachelor. Exceptions are only Knights of the Garter and the Order of the Thistle, which have precedence over the baronet. Both Baronets and Knights of any kind are ranked as the representative of ( Landed ) Gentry (English about: Landadel) among the Barons (German: Freiherr ), which form the lowest level of the British aristocracy. The rank order of Baronets with each other depends on the date of the ceremony. The older the patent, the higher the rank. The currently oldest baronetcy still used has been awarded one of the first of James I. conferred titles on 22 May 1611 and has since passed on. The current title holder (2012 ), Sir Nicholas Hickman Ponsonby Bacon ( b. 1953 ), so is the Premier Baronet of England.

The baronetcy is generally accompanied by a territorial designation of the form " of < (possibly additional location ) > ", which is connected with the title holder (eg birth or residence, etc. ). Denis Thatcher was, for example, "1st Baronet, of Scotney in the County of Kent ." Thatcher had with his wife, an apartment on the grounds of Scotney Castle in Lamberhurst (about 13 miles from Tunbridge Wells in Kent ). His son, Mark, on the passed the title after the death of the father is, "2nd Baronet, of Scotney in the County of Kent ." This baronetcy is called in the official rolling list Thatcher of Scotney.

There are - often for historical reasons - awarded by the British monarch also non-British Baronetcies, for example, the Graaff Baronets in South Africa.

Baronets, with the exception of Scotland, put their coat of arms the "Red Hand of Ulster " as heart shield added.

Salutation

The form of address for a baronet is Sir, for his wife Lady. The "Sir" is placed before the first name, the "Lady " before the last name. The term " baronet " appears in the written form after the family name, often abbreviated as bar, Bart. or Bt. , the extension name Sir is used only in conjunction with the first name or the first and last name, eg " Sir Walter" or " Sir Walter Elliot ," but never " Sir Elliot ". Death of the baronet and the title is passed to the son, whose wife is referred to as "Lady " while the wife of the deceased from then on " , Lady " means.

Female Baronets, Baronetess called, are extremely rare, as almost all of these titles can be inherited only on male offspring and so far only one woman in the 16th century, Mary Bolles, the title itself ( " in her own right" ) was awarded. The most recent inheritance Baronetess, Anne Maxwell Macdonald, who was allowed to use the title only 49 years after the death of her father with the permission of the Court of the Lord Lyon, died 2011. Their title was passed on to her son. A Baronetess is addressed as " Lady " or " lady ".

Some titleholders

• Sir Max Aitken, 1st Baronet of Cherkley ( publisher and politician, later Lord Beaverbrook )
• Sir Henry Lancelot Aubrey - Fletcher, 6th Baronet of Clea Hall ( writer )
• Sir Robert Baden -Powell, 1st Baronet of Bentley (founder of the Boy Scouts, later Lord Baden -Powell )
• Sir James M. Barrie, 1st Baronet ( Scottish writer, author of " Peter Pan" )
• Sir John Barrow, 1st Baronet ( British civil servant to time the Nordpolarexpedidionen )
• Sir George Cayley, 6th Baronet of Brompton ( aviation pioneer )
• Sir William Curtius, 1st Baronet ( Messenger of Charles II of England from 1639 to 1654 to German courts )
• Sir Humphry Davy, 1st Baronet (chemist)
• Sir Edward Elgar, 1st Baronet of Broadheath (Composer)
• Sir Ranulph Fiennes, 3rd Baronet of Banbury ( adventurer )
• Sir Henry B. Frere, 1st Baronet ( diplomat, Governor of Bombay )
• Sir Thomas Hardy, 1st Baronet of the Navy ( naval officer, known as " Nelson's Hardy " )
• Sir Arthur Travers Harris, 1st Baronet of Chipping Wycombe ( Air Marshal )
• Sir Charles Knowles, 1st Baronet of Banbury ( Admiral and Governor of Jamaica)
• Sir Charles Lyell, 1st Baronet of Kinnordy ( geologist )
• Sir Oswald Mosley, 6th Baronet of Ancoats ( politician)
• Sir Robert Peel, 2nd Baronet of Clanfield ( politician)
• Baron Sir John Henry Schroder, 1st Baronet, (Banker, simultaneously led his Prussian baron title further, so Baron ... )
• Sir Walter Scott, 1st Baronet of Abbotsford ( writer )
• Sir George Sitwell, 4th Baronet of Renishaw Hall ( poet, father of Edith Sitwell )
• Sir Denis Thatcher, 1st Baronet of Scotney (businessman, husband of Baroness Thatcher )
• Sir Francis Reginald Wingate, 1st Baronet of Dunbar and Port Sudan ( soldier )