Barrel roof

A barrel roof is curved like a half ton of lying. It forms a roof shape, whose cross section is a segment of a circle. In rundbogigem cross section is called as the barrel vault of cylindrical bin, at spitzbogigem cross section of conical buoy.

The barrel shape itself forms the statics of the roof, the tensile forces are normally held from across the space -spanning anchor beams. This roof shape is in architecture rare, but among the world's oldest roof forms and is occasionally used for roofs of industrial buildings and other large roofs. If, in cross-section a smaller segment of a circle formed as a semi-circle, the result is a flatter roof shape, which resembles the general arch roof that can be elliptic or parabolic. The use of reinforced and prestressed concrete also allows other roof forms, such as the cycloid, which was used in the Kimbell Art Museum in Fort Worth, Texas.

Houses with Tonnendächerm are already known from Jericho, a few thousand years BC. Among the earliest surviving tons roofs include Indian Chaitya - halls from the 2nd century BC These are Buddhist cave temples, leave their stone-carved costal arches recognize the role models in wooden Freibauten. In the slightly modified form of an inverted ship's hull originated in the 7th century stone temple as Rathas, which also corresponded to the no longer available from this time secular buildings of wood. Hence the today usual barrel shape developed as a conclusion of the South Indian temple Gopuram tower.

In Mesopotamian tradition based building with tons roofs build the Madan in the Everglades in southern Iraq. The costal arches are made of braided bundles of around 6 meters long reeds, the lining is made of reed mats. It ( Mudhig, generally roofed houses made ​​of reeds: Srefen ) are at this meeting houses widths of just under 4 meters and lengths up to 30 meters reached. In order to absorb the tensile forces, undermining one the pipes into the floor.

Widely used are barrel vaulted bazaar streets in Oriental countries. This canopy, as in Damascus, made ​​from corrugated iron, or, as in ancient Iranian bazaars usual as tons of rammed earth roof. Built in the 13th century Madrasa of Sultan Qalaun in Cairo possessed, studies show that, once a barrel roof of a wooden structure. Get remained in Cairo two Coptic churches with three naves tons roofs, this includes the Hanging Church, the shape of the nave dates from the 10th century.

The French architect Philibert Delorme (1510-1570) constructed arched roofs, this technique was from arcuate beams overlapping beams, continued in northern Germany by the early classical port and church architect David Gilly (1748-1808), who advocated also building with earth.

In the 19th century, the construction of large barrel- vaulted halls was made possible by the use of cast iron and steel girders. Thus arose stations, wholesale market and exhibition halls, such as the Crystal Palace, London, for the first World Exhibition in 1851, which was made of glass with prefabricated grids made ​​of cast iron, which would have been later dismantled. For the 1893 World's Fair in Chicago costal arches were constructed of two strands, which were connected by three rigid struts. At the base secured under the floor moved the tie rods side thrust. The monumental effect of this hall was to the coming machine age was static and an enlarged implementing traditional Arab houses tons.

Contemporary architecture examples that include arched roofs, are in the years 1965 - built in 1969 in Munich at the Friedenheimer bridge former parcel post hall, with its sweeping arch structure with a span of 146.8 m and a length of 124 m at that time the largest self-supporting prefabricated concrete hall of world was, as well as the main building of the Leipzig Fair in 1996 and named after the two devices gymnasts Alfred Flatow Gustav Felix Flatow and Flatow sports hall on the Berlin- Kreuzberg Lohmühleninsel. Indian architect, Balkrishna Doshi used multiple shaped reinforced concrete arched roofs. Guido Canellas design for the Parish Center in Modena from 2001 provides in building center before a high arched roof.

Barrel roofs also arise when flexible ribs bent and held in tension, as is the case for temporarily erected plastic greenhouses. Dormers can also have the shape of a barrel roof. Without cross bracing Zollinger roofs can get along, their rigid lamellar structure was used in the form of a conical buoy from the 1920s in the German housing.

Other examples of arched roofs

• Database of cultural assets in the Trier region: Winery in the Gilbert Road 34 Hall of 1905 with barrel roof made ​​of reinforced concrete. Winery in Trier.
• Kühn, Farmer, printing partner building the Westdeutsche Zeitung, Wuppertal, 1995-1997.
• Maritime Museum. In: archINFORM. The Maritime Museum in Kiel has a pointed barrel roof.