Basel-Stadt

47.5577.593Koordinaten: 48 ° N, 8 ° E; CH1903: 611620/267377 of Basel-Stadt ( Basel -Ville French, Italian Basilea Città, Romansh: Basilea Citad ) is a German-speaking canton in north-western Switzerland. The main town is Basel.

The canton is the smallest in terms of area and also the most densely populated Swiss canton and consists of the city of Basel and the municipalities of Riehen and rings.

  • 3.1 Direct Democratic People's Rights
  • 3.2 legislative
  • 3.3 executive
  • 3.4 judiciary
  • 3.5 communities
  • 3.6 Religious Communities
  • 3.7 policy 3.7.1 -party system
  • 3.7.2 Integration Policy
  • 3.7.3 Representatives of Basel-Stadt in the Federal Assembly
  • 6.2 Air Traffic
  • 6.3 Rail
  • 6.4 Marine
  • 6.5 transport

Geography

The half-canton of Basel-Stadt is situated in the northwest of Switzerland. The area he is the smallest canton, of the population -wise he is ranked 15 of 26 The Community of Basel is located on the so-called Rhine knee where the Birsig flows into the Rhine and this changes its direction of flow from the west to the north. The bend in the Rhine forms the southern end of the Upper Rhine Plain.

In addition, the two rural municipalities of Riehen and Ingen north of the Rhine. Riehen extends along the meadow valley and has around 20,000 inhabitants. Bettingen is divided into the towns of Bettingen village and St. Chrischona, has about 1,200 inhabitants and is located on a hill whose most striking point is the St. Chrischona television tower.

Political Structure

Since 1908 the community Kleinhueningen is incorporated in the city of Basel.

Listed below are all three municipalities June 30, 2013:

Districts

After the separation of Basel-Landschaft consisted of the city of Canton of two districts, the municipality with the municipality of Basel and the country district municipalities Kleinhueningen Riehen and rings. The cantonal constitution of 1889, the level of the districts was repealed.

However, the Federal Statistical Office carries out the entire State as a district under the BFS -No. 1200.

Population

The population of the Canton of Basel-Stadt is very heterogeneous and reflects the history of the canton as an important commercial and industrial center. In the canton of Basel-Stadt lived by June 30, 2013 194'661 inhabitants. The population growth has been negative since the 1980s. The exodus to neighboring municipalities of other cantons and the structural loss of jobs with the change in industrial production are among the most important reasons for the decline of population.

Nationality

Religions - faiths

  • Religious affiliation: 83'510 ( 43.9%)
  • Protestant: 35'835 (18.9% )
  • Roman Catholic: 30'540 ( 16.0 %)
  • Muslim: 18'693 (9.8%)
  • Other: 16'013 (8.4%)
  • Ostkirchlich: 3'899 (2.1%)
  • Jewish: 1,174 (0.6%)
  • Christkatholisch: 669 (0.4%)

Thus, the previously dominant Protestant population of 85,000 has declined in 1980 to 35,000 by the end of 2010. The figures are to be interpreted, however, different. For the Protestants, the Catholics, the Jews and the Christian Catholics, the institutional affiliation counted in the religious community ( public legally recognized communities), the Muslims, the "other" and the Eastern Churches followers (such as Serbian Orthodox or Greek Orthodox ) the religious affiliation (as of end of 2010).

History

The canton of Basel-Stadt in its present boundaries was in 1833, when the then Basel Canton of Basel-Landschaft today in the context of the Basel Canton separation (see there) seceded. Basel-Stadt has long had a reunion article in the Constitution, until the complete revision of 2006, he was dropped. The Constitution of Basel-Landschaft commands autonomy. The last time was agreed in 1969 on the reunification, the voters voted in Basel-Stadt clear why in Basel-Landschaft it. Although useful from a spatial point of view, the reunion was not stand a chance. Pragmatic solution to this dilemma are common administrative units and institutions and the voluntary adjustment of laws and regulations.

The story of Basel-Stadt is largely identical with the history of the city of Canton dominant city of Basel, see there.

Constitution

The voters of the canton of Basel- City have accepted the current cantonal constitution on 30 October 2005. This occurred on 13 November 2006 and replaced the Constitution from December 2, 1889.

Direct Democratic People's Rights

3000 voters can have a fully formulated ( formulated ) or commonly held ( unformulated ) Submit popular initiative that relates to a change in the constitution or an amendment, the adoption or repeal of a law or a referendum enabled the Grand Council Decision.

Mandatory referendum subject to all constitutional amendments, all formulated popular initiatives as well as all the unformulated popular initiatives, which the Grand Council does not agree to ( mandatory referendum).

2000 voters can demand a referendum on the Great Council Decision, which the adoption, amendment or repeal of a law or an issue in some of the law affects fixed height (optional referendum ).

Legislature

The parliament of the canton is called the Grand Council. It comprises 100 members who are elected by proportional representation election procedures for a term of four years. The right graph shows the current distribution of seats in the Great Council (July 2012).

Executive

The government is elected by the Majorzwahlverfahren on for four years and consists of the following seven members:

Unlike in most other cantons, who know a rotating system, the Government of President shall be elected by the people and for the whole four-year Legislaturperionde.

Judiciary

Supreme court in Basel-Stadt is the Court of Appeal. It is also the cantonal administrative court and cantonal constitutional court and shall exercise supervision over the courts of first instance from.

Subordinate to the Court of Appeal are the civil court, the criminal court, the juvenile court and the Social Security Court.

Communities

In Switzerland, a special feature is that almost all the business of the community are led by the Basel Canton of Basel-Stadt. Thus, parliament, government and administration of the Canton are also responsible directly for the borough. Riehen and rings have on the other hand, independent community institutions. Outside the cantonal administration are some social institutions such as the Civil Hospital Basel or the Civil orphanage, which are traditionally managed by the civic community of the city of Basel.

The canton of Basel - City is one of the few cantons in Switzerland, in which are responsible for naturalization citizens communities. The legislative branch of the civic community, Basel is the citizens' council, whose members are citizen councilors, its president is the citizen council president. The executive branch is called Citizens' Council, its members are citizen councils, its president is the citizen of the Council.

Religious communities

The Constitution recognized under public law, the Reformed, the Roman Catholic Church and the Old Catholic Church and the Jewish community. They arrange their internal affairs independently and give itself a constitution, which must be approved by the government.

Policy

Party system

Basel- City now has a heterogeneous multi-party system with fragmented wings on both sides of the political spectrum. In addition to the Basel Grand Council, the cantonal parliament, parties represented Green alliance, SP, CVP, EVP, FDP, SVP and LDP are still other parties as well as individual -partisan politician active. The canton of Basel-Stadt is the only German-speaking Swiss canton in which the Liberal Party of Switzerland (LPS, in Basel, the Liberal Democratic Party, LDP) plays a significant role, this applies there as a party of " Daig ," the traditional Basel elite.

For a long time Basel a social democratic stronghold. In the 1930s, introduced the Social Democrats and Communists together even the majority, this time went as " red Basel" in history. In the Cold War, however, also dominated in the Basel bourgeois forces. At present, neither the red-green nor the conservative camp claim an absolute majority. In the Grand Council election 2012 both camps reached the same number of seats, with the entry of the right-wing populist excited " People's Action against too many foreigners and asylum seekers in our home " in the cantonal parliament stir.

In the national elections of 2003 the Left in Basel-Stadt reached ( only Swiss Canton) an absolute majority of votes, just at the national elections of November 2007.

Integration policy

Much attention in the policy is the Basel integration model of Thomas Kessler.

Representatives of Basel-Stadt in the Federal Assembly

Basel- City sends five representatives in the House of Representatives:

  • Silvia Schenker, SP, since 2003
  • Peter Malama, FDP, since 2007 (deceased in September 2012)
  • Beat Jans, SP, since 2010
  • Sebastian Frehner, SVP, since 2010
  • Markus Lehmann, CVP, since 2011

Basel-Stadt sent as Halbkanton a representative to the Council of States.

  • Anita Fetz, SP, since 2003

Economy

In the canton of Basel- City are the chemical industry, the pharmaceutical industry and the trade of national importance. As a financial center Basel still has a certain meaning behind Zurich. The economic life focuses on the community Basel ( see details there ).

Tourism

Tourist Basel is very well developed: accommodation every price range, from hostels to historically significant luxury hotels like the Hotel Les Trois Rois, offer numerous accommodation options, and Basel Tourism, the semi-governmental organization for the promotion of tourism in Basel, not only maintains information centers, but also offers also a wide range of excursions and other services.

Basel brings a wealth of attractions, including the Old Town, the Basler Münster, St. Chrischona television tower as well as many newer buildings by leading architects. Continue to pull the Zoo Basel, Switzerland, the largest zoological garden, the border triangle of Germany, France and Switzerland and the numerous museums or events like the Basler Fasnacht many visitors.

Even among art lovers Basel has for decades been a term: In addition to world-renowned collections of the Fondation Beyeler, the Tinguely Museum, or the Basel Kunstmuseum thousands of visitors attracted the numerous exhibitions of museums and of course, Art Basel, one of the most important art shows each year to Basel.

Traffic

Basel is a hub of road traffic north-south of France and Germany through Switzerland. The A3 motorway from France passes through the northern bypass to the city highway A2, the so-called Ring Road East, which forwards the traffic from Germany through the city towards the south. Outside the city, the two branches separate it again. The A2 continues to the Gotthard or to Bern and the A3 to Zurich.

Traffic

The bi-national Basel Mulhouse Freiburg ( Euro Airport ) airport is completely on French territory, however, is divided into a French and a Swiss sector. The latter is connected to a customs technically extraterritorial road, a so-called duty-free street, with Switzerland, which begins under the name " airport road " in Basel.

Rail traffic

The canton of Basel-Stadt has three international railway stations. The Swiss railway station Basel SBB and Basel SNCF, the French railway station are both located in a building south of the city center on Grossbasel page. If you want to the French by the Swiss railway station, has a customs border pass. , Operated by Deutsche Bahn Badische Bahnhof is located on Kleinbasler page and customs is also technically separated from Switzerland. This station is used mainly by travelers from Germany, the change between the Upper Rhine route, meadow valley line ( Regio -S- Bahn Basel - Lörrach cell in the meadow valley ) and Upper Rhine region and this must happen Swiss territory.

In addition, there are four local stations. St. James is located on the Bözberg or Hauenstein line to Muttenz; so far, however, find trains only at major events at the St. Jakob - Park. The station tricorn on the Jura line ( opened in May 2006 ) to relieve the SBB train station commuter flows mainly towards Birsigtal.

A status similar to the Baden train station have the stations of St. John at the SNCF route to Mulhouse and Riehen on the German meadow valley line. Both stations are indeed on Swiss territory, but are duty technically French or German territory.

Shipping

Also, over the river Rhine, Basel is connected to the rest of Switzerland and the neighboring countries. Thus, the Rhine is running on the shipping company up Basel to Rheinfelden. Basel is also the home port of several cruise lines that offer cruises from here on the Rhine and the Main and the Moselle.

In addition, Basel is the home port of the Swiss high shipping.

An important pillar of the Swiss economy is the Basel Rhine cruise with their Rheinhäfen Kleinhueningen, St. Johann and Birsfelden.

Transport

Urban transport and the fine closure of the area carried out with an extensive tram network, supplemented by numerous bus lines of the Basel transporting enterprises, the Basel-Land Transport and Bus AG Liestal and some other companies.

Education

In the 1990s, the entire public school system was reformed. The two-year kindergarten is compulsory since August 2005. The official schooling begins at the age of seven years. Depending on the exact date of birth, enrollment may be deferred by one year.

The school model with OS and WBS will be abolished as part of the school harmonization. Then the model with 6 classes primary and secondary school or high school classes 3 also applies in Basel. The change began in 2013. Thus leaves will expire in 2017, the WBS.

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