Bashkir language
Spoken in
- Altaic languages ( disputed) Turkic languages Kipchak languages Bashkir
Ba
Bak
Bak
The Bashkir language ( башҡорт теле? / I [ bɑʃqɵrt tɨiɨ ] ) is a Western Turkic language of the Uralic subgroup. It belongs to the family of Turkic languages . It is the official language in Bashkortostan and the indigenous language in the Southern Urals. Many place names in the Ural region (such as Chelyabinsk Ural ) are from the Bashkir.
Main distribution area
Bashkir is spoken mainly in the belonging to Russia Republic of Bashkortostan and the neighboring Tatarstan. Also survived a Bashkir minority in the Republic of Mari El. At the last census of the USSR ( 1989), about 1.047 million Bashkir Bashkir gave as their mother tongue and 26 737 as a second language. Around 300,000 Bashkirs speak Tatar as their native language. In addition, larger Bashkir minorities in the areas around Chelyabinsk, Perm, Orenburg, Yekaterinburg and Kurgan resident. Large Bashkir ethnic groups also live in Kazakhstan ( 41,847 ) and Uzbekistan ( 34 771 ).
Origin of the name
The name derives from the ethnic group of Bashkirs. The word баш / bash means " main " and ҡорт / is qort with "Wolf " (compare turkish kurt ) equated. The term " main - Wolf" was apparently a name of ancient Turkic peoples for a main clan a group.
Classification options
Bashkir is classified sometimes different. So lists the " Fischer Lexicon languages " (1961), this language as follows:
- Turkic languages western branch Bulgarian group
- The oghusische group
- Kipchak group Kipchak - oghusische group
- Kyptschakbulgarisch (or Kyptschaktatarisch ) Bashkir
In contrast, the results " Metzler Lexikon Sprache " (1993) the Baschkrische as follows:
- Turkic languages Southwest Turkish ( Oghusisch )
- Osttürkisch ( Karlukisch )
- West Turkish ( Kiptschakisch ) Uralic ( Kipchak - Bulgarian) Bashkir
The actual classification can be found in the article Turkic languages .
Dialects and alphabets
Bashkir was very late independent literary language. In the 15th century, the Bashkirs used the written in Arabic script Chagatai. In the late 19th century, Bashkiria also took over the Arabic written Tatar.
1923, developed a written language for the Bashkir based on the dialects Kuvakan and Yurmati, which was also written in a modified Arabic alphabet. 1930, the Romanization of the Bashkir was performed and converted the written language on the Unified Alphabet. But in the winter of 1938, the Bashkirian was converted to a modified Cyrillic alphabet for the implementation of a mandatory demanded by Moscow Russian lessons.
Table with the Bashkir Cyril alphabet
The Bashkir language is still strongly divided dialect. Its dialects are most closely related to the Tatar and partly influenced by him. This Bashkir dialects are now generally divided into three groups:
As 1988/89, the collapse of the former USSR was visible, called the pan-Turkish circles of the Bashkir population reintroduction of the Arabic alphabet and abolished the Chagatai. More Western- oriented parties called for the introduction of the modern Turkish Latin alphabet as " the visible expression of the West opening " of the Russian Turkic peoples.
The Bashkirs were experimenting around for a while with various Latin alphabets and on the basis of the Tatar Latin alphabet is also a baschkirisches pattern alphabet was designed.
Comparison of the Bashkir, Tatar and Turkish Latin alphabet: Bashkir: Aa Bb Cc Dd Ee Ç ç Əə ( Ää ) Ff Gg Hh Gg Xx II II II Jj Kk Ll Mn Nn Ññ Oo Pp Qq Rr Ss Öö Ss Tt Uu Vv Ww Yy Zz zz Üü Tatar: Aa Bb Cc Ää Ç ç Dd Ee Ff Gg Hh Gg Xx Jj Kk Ll II II II Mn Nn Ññ Oo Pp Qq Rr Ss Öö Ss Tt Uu Vv Ww Yy Zz Üü Turkish: Aa Bb Cc Dd Ee Ff Gg Cc Gg Hh Jj Kk Ll II II Mn Nn Oo Pp Rr Ss Ss Tt Öö Uu Vv Yy Zz Üü
Militant Bashkirs use for designing their web pages the " Bashkir Latin alphabet " in order to promote a new pan-Turkism.
The three letter language code from ISO 639-2 is " bak ", the two-letter code from ISO 639-1 is "ba".