Basilica of St. Martin, Tours

The basilica and the abbey of Saint -Martin de Tours in Tours were as grave laying of St. Martin of Tours more a thousand years as one of the most important Christian pilgrimage sites.

Until the time Martin, Bishop of Tours since 372 Tours was a Gallo- Roman town of moderate importance. After his death, 397 in Candes succeeded the monks of Tours, to seize the corpse and bring it to their town, where you on the later the Basilica of Saint -Martin elevated him to the place buried, which in the Middle Ages one of the largest churches of the West was.

The reputation of the saints and the pilgrimage to his grave, one of the most important of Christianity, which began soon, the city's character changed completely. A first major basilica construction caused 471 Bishop Perpetuus instead of a modest by one of his predecessors, Brictius built chapel. The basilica over the grave was an essential part of a church family to which, inter alia, by Gregory of Tours at the point of Episcopal Consecration of the Holy erected cathedral and on the other Loire side of the monastery Marmoutier, the former retreat of the saint were in the 6th century, and the a sacred landscape on the Memoria of Saint Martin constituted Holy places related with the mentioned three main centers. More than a thousand years remained Tours on this basis, one of the major cities of the West and a metropolis of Christendom.

In the year 508, after the victory over the Visigoths at the Battle of Vouillé and the conquest of Aquitaine in the previous year, the Basilica of Saint -Martin was already important enough that the Merovingian Clovis I († 511), the envoys of the Byzantine Emperor Anastasius I. could receive here, which awarded him the title of Consul here in the West. The same king said to the Abbey immunity, the later of Chlothar I ( † 561 ) was confirmed.

From 796-804 was Alcuin, the adviser of Charlemagne and organizer of the first theological and philosophical lectures, abbot of Saint -Martin, which had been converted into a canon just before his vocation. Tours was one of the main cultural centers of the Carolingian Renovatio. The scriptorium, which had developed with the half-uncial touronischen a separate font, produced at a high artistic and calligraphic book level. Play a special role elaborate illuminated Bibelpandekten the revised by Alcuin Vulgate of Jerome as the Vivian Bible or the Grandval Bible.

853 the basilica was burnt by the Normans under their leader Hasting, just like the other churches of the city - the relics of the saint had been previously brought to Cormery, later to Auxerre. Robert the Strong was 866 at the Battle of Brissarthe killed when he tried to drive Hasting and his Normans from the country.

The Office of Laienabts the monastery was in the hands of the Roberts family of the brave, the Robertiner, the ancestors of the Capetians, who used the monastery as a central administration for their possessions: The Abbot and Graf used the surrounding canons of the abbey as a kind personal law firm. In addition, the half shell of St. Martin, the cappa, used by them primarily as power and legitimacy symbol of Laienabtes, after the ancestor of the Capetians, Hugh Capet, possibly also received his nickname was.

The basilica and abbey of Saint -Martin no longer exist; they fell in the 18th century into a ruin, which was eventually destroyed during the French Revolution. In their place now runs the Rue des Halles, and only the Tour Charlemagne ( 1928 partially collapsed and was rebuilt ) and the Tour de l' Horloge, both are from the 11th to the 13th century as remnants of the great basilica preserved.

Abbots

  • Hiethier, 766-776 Lord Chancellor
  • Alcuin († 804)
  • Fridugisus, 819-832 Lord Chancellor
  • Adalhard († 870 ) ( Matfriede )
  • Robert the Brave († 866) ( Robertiner )
  • Hugo Abbas († 886 ) stepson Roberts ( Guelph )
  • Robert II († 923 ), son of Robert, 922 King of France ( Robertiner )
  • Hugh the Great († 956 ), son of Robert II ( Robertiner )
  • Hugh Capet († 996 ), son of Hugh, 987 King of France ( Robertiner, Capetian )

Deans

  • Philip of France, son of King Louis VI. , 1155 from Dean, 1157-1159 Archbishop of Paris
  • Aubry Cornu, Dean, 1231-1236 Chancellor of France
  • Jean de la Cour, Dean, 1236-1244 Chancellor of France
  • Étienne de Mornay, Dean, 1314-1316 Chancellor of France
  • Guy de Boulogne, 1352-1373
  • Nicolas d' Orgemont, Dean, † 1416
Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Tours Candes-Saint-Martin Saint Perpetuus Marmoutier Abbey, Tours Sanctuary Anastasius I Dicorus Chlothar I. Philosophy Miniature (illuminated manuscript) Robertians Adalard the Seneschal Hugh the Abbot Robert I of France Louis VI of France Guy of Boulogne Lexikon des Mittelalters
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