Bäuert
- Political community (including municipality, local community)
- Community of citizens (including civic community, local community, local civic community, Tagwen, bourgeoisie, bourgeois commune, Patriziato, vischnanca burgaisa )
- Unified community
- Mixed community
- Munizipalgemeinde
- Bäuert
- Fraction borough
- Corporation community
- Civil parish (repealed)
- Parish
- School community
A Bäuert or Swiss German Püürt (from OHG gebûrida to gibûri 'Farmer ') is in the Bernese Oberland, a public or privately organized body, which dates back to the medieval peasant goods and use community. Concept and object were until the recent past, even in parts of the canton of Graubünden known where to now but usually speaks of fraction.
History
The Bäuerten emerged from the medieval meetings of farmers, which according to democratic rules govern the use of their common goods (forests, Alps, commons, etc.). So you are using the old boroughs of Confederation or the neighborhoods of the old Free State of the Three Leagues identical, but not with the modern inhabitants of communities. Regarding the church today forms the Bäuerten with intra- Swiss and Glarus corporation communities, the communities fraction of Grisons, Davos and the former civil parishes in the Canton of Zurich are comparable.
Legal form
The concept of Bäuert can be in the canton of Bern today allocate to a specific legal form. It may be at a Bäuert a subdivision of a municipality pursuant to Article 123 of the Bernese municipal law or a burg variable corporation in accordance with Article 117 of the Municipalities Act, but also to a real company under Article 20 of the Berne Introductory Act to the Swiss Civil Code or an association pursuant to Articles 60 and following of the Swiss Civil Code act. The former two are so public bodies cantonal law, the third type is a corporation of cantonal Private Law ( with coupling of the membership to a particular property), and the latter is a body of federal law private law.
Of the still 15 sub-divisions of inhabitants call themselves communities Bäuerten eight, and of the 74 currently burger union corporations are referred to as Bäuerten 22 (as of 2013). About the private law Bäuerten no numbers are known. It is in the latter part to former public corporations, however, could no longer meet the requirements of the Municipal Act and is therefore transformed into clubs, for the sake of tradition but held fast to the notion Bäuert.
In the canton of Grisons, the former Bäuerten or today's political groups have lost their existence as a legally relevant bodies later than under the current municipal mergers. An exception is the fraction communities Davos.
Tasks
The remit of the current Berne Bäuerten is very different. Some meet certain permanent municipal functions, such as the maintenance of the school and other community- owned properties, the road maintenance, winter maintenance and / or water and energy supply. Manage Other Bäuerten the other hand, farming primarily their land and forest ownership.