Bavarian Circle

The Bavarian Empire District is one of the first six, later ten kingdom circles in the Emperor Maximilian I from 1500 divided the most territories of the Holy Roman Empire. The group existed until 1806.

Importance

In the Duchy of Bavaria, which had risen with the transfer of the Palatinate cure to Maximilian I of Bavaria and his house 1623/28 itself to the electorate, played the associated Empire District overlooking the partly territorial interspersed and adjacent states- a bigger role than is often assumed. Although the Duchy of Bavaria always remained in a circle the dominant power, which includes the Münzaufsicht and the office of county colonels state next to the alternating with Salzburg Board, and although the Wittelsbach after numerous territorial acquisitions at the end of the 18th century pooled nine of the twenty votes in the Convention, kept between 1500/1555 and 1805 the county organization over their territorial function. The circle provided protection in a not always stress-free ratio of the Wittelsbach family to the area enclosed by their country's territory Imperial City of Regensburg, which was overgrown as the site of the Perpetual Imperial Diet and the seat of the principal Commissioner and European diplomats of rank a special symbolic significance for the National Association since 1663. The circle stabilized the position of the Bishopric of Freising, which although imperial estate, from Bavarian point of view always possessive "our parish " was called. The Empire District created within the Duchy of the foundations for not just constitutionally significant neighborly coexistence with the Archbishopric of Salzburg, the high pins Passau and Regensburg, the prince provost Berchtesgaden or the smaller secular lordships Ortenbourg, Hohenwaldeck and Hague.

Imperial Estates of the circle

For Reich circle numbered according to the delimitation of constituencies from 1521/1532 only 21 states-, twelve ecclesiastical princes and prelates, namely the Archbishop of Salzburg, the bishops of Passau, Freising, Regensburg and Chiemsee, the provost to Berchtesgaden, the abbots to forest Assen, Rott am Inn, Kaisheim and St. Emmeram and abbesses from Niedermünster and Obermünster in Regensburg. Eight secular princes, counts and lords, in detail, the Duke of Bavaria, the Duke of Palatinate -Neuburg and the Landgrave of Leuchtenberg, the Counts of Hague, Ortenberg ( Ortenbourg ) Barons to Stauff and honor rock, the lords of Degenberg, Wolfenstein as baron to top Sulzbürg ( and Pyrbaum ). The only imperial city in the area of the circle was Regensburg.

Soon the imperial immediacy of the Bishopric of Chiemsee Archbishop of Salzburg and the Abbey Rott am Inn was successfully disputed by the Duke of Bavaria. In contrast, in 1559 came the domination High - Waldeck added as a new kingdom and county level. Successfully, the Elector of the Palatinate had reached that his property in northern Bavaria, Upper Palatinate, the not to the Bavarian circle but - counted as the other electoral territory for Kurrheinischen circle - according to the personal character of the estates of and in spite of the geographical remoteness. He also managed the location on the northern edge of the Upper Palatinate Forest Abbey Assen to subdue his bailiwick and thus alienate even the Bavarian circle. After the defeat of the Elector Frederick V at the Battle of White Mountain near Prague, on 8 November 1620 the Upper Palatinate, however, fell to the Duchy of Bavaria, and was re-Catholicised.

Around the middle of the 17th century, some new items were added, so the gentlemen Breiteneck ( Tilly ) and Störnstein ( Prince Lobkowitz ). The Wittelsbach Palatinate -Sulzbach branch line arrived in 1656 to its own sovereignty and - though not until 1697 - to a seat and vote not only in the Reichstag, but also in the Bavarian district council.

Since it understood the Bavarian dukes, to secure the reversion of their fiefs or reversionary interests in the event of extinction of other rich immediate nobility, the Elector of Bavaria eventually led nine of the twelve secular circle votes ( see below). The abbeys Rott, Forest Assen, Niederaltaich, Benediktbeuren, Ebersberg, stone Gaden and Tegernsee tried in the 18th century in vain to regain the kingdom stand shaft or at least the county level shaft.

Towards the end of the Empire (1792 ) included the circle in the following territories.

  • Archbishopric of Salzburg
  • Bishopric of Passau
  • Bishopric of Freising
  • Bishopric of Regensburg
  • Gefürstete provost Berchtesgaden
  • Imperial abbey of Sankt Emmeram in Regensburg
  • Imperial Abbey Niedermünster in Regensburg
  • Imperial Abbey Obermünster in Regensburg
  • Duchy of Bavaria; Owner Palatinate -Neuburg since 1777
  • Duchy of Pfalz- Neuburg; Owner Palatinate -Sulzbach since 1742
  • Duchy of Pfalz- Sulzbach
  • Gefürstete Landgraviate Leuchtenberg; Owner Bavaria (again) since 1714
  • Gefürstete County Störnstein; owner Lobkowitz
  • County Hague; Owner Bavaria since 1567
  • County Ortenbourg
  • Rule of honor rock; Owner Palatinate -Neuburg from 1567
  • Dominions Sulzbürg and Pyrbaum; Owner Bavaria since 1740
  • County Hohenwaldeck; Owner Bavaria since 1734
  • Empire County Breitenegg; Owner Bavaria since 1792
  • Imperial City of Regensburg

Circle colonels

The Imperial Circles certain circle colonels, the military also took over both civilian tasks. The significance of the Bavarian kingdom circle was limited. 1531 was Duke Ludwig of Bavaria first captain of the circle, the Count Palatine of Neuburg Philipp followed. As of 1580, respectively, the Dukes and Electors of Bavaria were also circle Obrist.

Army of the Holy Roman Empire Johann Georg von Lori
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