Bedding

Bedding are subject and body pads used for sleeping. The body support most commonly used is the Comforter ( = upper bed). Body materials are pillow, side pillow top mattress ( = lower bed) and mattress. They are wrapped protectively of bed linen ( duvet covers and bed linens ). There is also the bedspread ( = over bed), which is the day laid over the bedspread.

Efficient at higher insulation requirements, whether in strollers, mountain hut, tent or outdoors protects a sleeping bag, optimized in mummy shape to sufficiently pressure- firm sleep surface.

• 2.1 mixture of down and feathers 2.1.1 durability
• 2.1.2 Hygiene

Standard sizes

Duvets

In Germany, the standard sizes for quilts have changed over the last fifty years, which is due partly to the increase in body size, the buyer, on the other hand, the desire for more comfort. At the same time it came through the industrial production ( up to 1950 hand- marked ) to a greater uniformity in the dimensions. The current standard dimensions are shown in the adjacent table.

The sizes 135 × 220 and 155 × 200 have lost importance in the market, the comfort size 155 × 220 wins at the expense of 135 × 200 is becoming increasingly important, although this is less than ideal because of the larger volume for washing. For people from 180 cm height comfort size is recommended.

This does not mean that only these sizes are available, but they are different dimensions in Germany always special. The covers must be custom-made.

In Austria, the standard dimensions for duvets are 140 × 200 cm.

Types of quilts

Common types of comforters are

• The upper bed, duvet and also in Austria ( the ) Tuchent (by: Duchna, Czech) called, in which the entire contents rests in a single-chamber cover.
• The ( checkered ) Quilt ( also called duvet ), in which the shell is pierced in several places to migration of the filling material - to complicate significantly within the envelope - formerly cotton wool, wool fleece, now lighter synthetic fiber fleece.
• The duvet, wherein the cover is stitched in numerous squares, to avoid that the filling may migrate, and
• The " duo - duvet ", two single quilted bed halves are sewn only on the outer edges with one binding in the. The advantage is that the enclosed air cushion ( air is a poor conductor of heat ) maintains body heat, which is why this form has prevailed particularly as a winter bed.
• The land ceiling, subject to the above squares not sewn, but are mutually separated by intermediate webs of approximately 1 to 2 cm in height. Through these webs thermal bridges are avoided.
• In recent years, the Four Seasons duvet has become popular, can be ( maximum thermal effect) or can be used individually as pure summer or winter blanket together buttoned at the two duvets of different capacity and different scale between seams in the sandwich method - velcroed or.
• Roughened blankets are wrapped in wool or synthetic fabric in bedspread or sheet standard for homeless shelters, prisons or the military.

Wrap

The shells are used to hold the filling. They are intended to prevent contents (eg quills ) to penetrate the outside or unwanted particles (eg dander ) or mites can penetrate. On the other hand, the wrapping must be permeable to air and allow moisture to evaporate again. Therefore, air impermeable fabric ban. Cases are therefore usually made ​​of densely woven cotton. Depending on the density of threads per cm ² is called

• Percale, eg from Daunenperkal, cheaper qualities and
• Ticking, such as batiste, for the high qualities.

Depending on the quality and stress the lifetime of an envelope varies quite strong. To replace or have become porous cases and to embed the contents in new cases is recommended in rare cases, as this is often more expensive than buying a completely new bedspread.

Pillow

Again, the traditional measure 80 x 80 (70 x 90 or 60 x 80 cm in Austria ) replaced more and more by comfort cushions that are recommended for orthopedic reasons by doctors and physiotherapists. The smaller form ensures that the shoulder rests on the mattress, while the pad is subject to the head. The resulting height difference avoids kinking of the cervical spine during sleep, which may otherwise lead to tension. As before, most duvet covers are still supplied with a pillow size 80 × 80 cm. Bolsters and different sizes like 40 × 60 are of little importance. However, the proliferation of so-called neck support pillows that feature different from ordinary pillows on a non aufschüttelbaren solid molded core made of foam or latex balloons. The dimensions are not standardized and very varied.

Füllwaren

Bedding will be filled with various materials and qualities.

Mixture of down and feathers

For the filling, only feathers and down of geese and ducks are used. The higher the down content the greater the fill power and the heating effect. A peculiarity eiderdown can be used. Heat retention and breathability are almost twice as large as a goose down here.

Not insignificant is the region in which the animals have lived and when they were plucked. Thus, in general, Canadian or Siberian goose due to the local climate quality than animals from more southerly climes. Particularly goods from China comes mostly from slaughtered animals, the plumage is not yet fully developed at the time of slaughter and must therefore be regarded as inferior. " Live plucking " are feathers originating from animals that have been plucked alive, which is very controversial lately. Whether the animals were plucked at the time they molt, can not be controlled and it is therefore based on animal cruelty. Similar to eggs from caged hens do without many retail establishments to live plucking in their range and declare their goods as " no live plucking ".

Springs have a continuous keel. A spring may be compressed and springs back again. The goose quill is more curved than the duck feather and has a broad peak. The duck spring is smaller and more delicate and runs forward to a point. The distinction falls lay very heavy. Springs which find use for bedding are usually more than 5 cm long.

For the different mixing ratios, there was the standard RAL 092 A2. This has now been replaced by DIN EN 12934th following ratios are defined as shown opposite.

Goose feathers and goose down are more expensive than duck feathers and duck down in a similar sort. Therefore, the goose fillings are often accompanied by up to 30% duck, which is still allowed by the standard. The name " Pure goose down " may only less than 10% duck down be included.

Although in durability, build, heat retention and breathability no worse than white, gray / brown Füllqualitäten are cheaper. Such raw material is often bleached and then appears blossom white. An optical advantage has white filling in bright bed covers in conjunction with white linens.

Durability

A weak output quality may have lost their filling power for lack of care and accommodation in a bed box after a few years. Goose down naturally raised free range can do good service for 15 years with regular airing and loosening and waiving bedspreads well. Pillows are subject to faster wear and are usually after 5 years - also for hygienic reasons - in need of renovation.

Hygiene

In general, the ventilation to dry, sunny days in the open enough for sun / UV light disinfection such as oxygen / ozone. Bedding with feather and down fillings can be washed several times with down shampoo. What is needed is the use of a lot of water and most thorough rinsing. Chlorine-containing detergent, however, destroy the fill power of down and feathers immediately. Drying in the dryer is recommended, it is important to ensure that the filling is dry in the interior of the bed.

Schafschurwolle

Under new wool is meant wool that is processed for the first time since its recovery in the sheep shearing. The new wool has a crimp and bulk of the wool hair. New wool can save a lot of air and thus form a good insulating layer. Approximately 30 - 35 % of its own weight, the sheep wool to absorb moisture from sweating and this is seven times faster to the outside air than other materials, inasmuch as a portion of the wool grease lanolin is listed in the sheep's wool.

Sheep wool blankets are made of a fleece from sheep 's wool, which is sewn between cotton or other materials. The wool fleece is sewn with cotton sheets.

The optimal fill weight depends on the season: 0.8-2 kg. A blanket for the summer is processed with less filler than one for the winter. The sheep's wool blanket can regulate heat and humidity very well and relaxed by the muscles.

Hygiene and Cleaning: Sheep 's wool that does not contain lanolin, is self-cleaning. For this purpose, it needs to be aired in cold and damp weather. Solar radiation, however, is more harmful. The sheep's wool absorbs only water vapor, which is why water beads off once ( after a certain amount of changes this behavior ). You can clean sheep's wool with cold or at most lukewarm water special wool detergent and rinse. It should not be scrubbed or wrung, otherwise the wool fleece will irritate or felts. For we dry the sheep's wool blanket flat on eg a drying rack placed where the water can drain and the water vapor is released back into the atmosphere.

Due to the rapid release of moisture into the air, the sheep's wool blanket is milbenarm and therefore suitable for people with allergies. Also for rheumatism and Artritespatienten is recommended by the heat and moisture regulation, a sheep's wool blanket.

Camel hair

Camel hair is silky chest hair of camels. Fillings are light, supple and regulates temperature. Moisture can be transported quickly.

Cashmere

(also: Kashmir ) comes from the Kashmir goat. Each animal yields only 100 g hair per year. The heat retention is enormous.

Cotton

20% by weight can be added as a liquid. Cotton is a less insulating properties and often contaminated by pollutants. Also, damage to the environment by growing and harvesting it has brought into disrepute. On the term organic ( organic organically cultivated ) should therefore be respected. Seal of quality, which also evaluate the processing are, for example, GOTS Global Organic Textile Standard or IVN Naturtextilie.

Pappelflaum

Pappelflaum are the seed fibers of poplar fruit. They are very fine and have very large cavities on the inside, which is why they are very good heat insulator.

Wild silk

Wild silk is obtained from cocoons already hatched silkworm. The moisture absorption is approximately 30%. Wild silk is less thermally insulating. Silk is considered noble, shiny, skin-friendly material. It is, as required, to cool in a position or to warm and can hold up to one third of its own weight in moisture.

Fiber beads

Especially since microfiber bedding is marketed as absolutely allergy-free bed goods to fiber beads have become a popular filler. The fill power is maintained even after repeated washing and the bedding can be easily in your own washing machine to 60 ° C wash. To save but the same heat, a larger amount than in feathers and down is necessary, which is why such blankets are often very difficult. Better to fiber beads suitable as a filling for pillows because of their fluffiness.

Nonwoven fabric ( hollow fibers and filaments )

With low weight, it is soft and warm. However, it is often found that these hollow fibers after a short time pierce the shell and can move to the outside. This happens when the shell used is not (more) fiber- dense or, for example, by Cat's claw is damaged.