Bedouin

Bedouin ( from Arabic بدوي Badawi " not settled", " nomadic " ) refers to a nomadic desert dwellers (Arabic: al - Badiya, " steppe, desert ") of the Arabian Peninsula, the Syrian desert of Sinai, and in parts of the Sahara in the Israeli Negev. The word is Badawi usually not used as a proper name of the Bedouins. They call themselves Arab as opposed to the sedentary ( non- nomadic ), Hadar. This term was referring to city dwellers and farmers alike, and correspond to the Arab fallāḥūna ( fallāḥīn ). Then again namely fellah ( " splitter, tiller " ), the term is to differentiate among the Bedouins back.

The Bedouins are Arabs and follow in a large majority of Islam. Consider Ishmael as their ancestor. Meanwhile sedentary descendants of the Bedouin subject as Bedun (Arabic for stateless persons) in many Arab states considerable discrimination.

History

After Africa Arab Bedouin came demonstrably already during the first century BC: 46 BC the Romans captured by Bedouins in Northern Tunisia 22 dromedaries. Some 400 years later were mounted camel nomads a constant, serious threat to Roman Africa provinces. In the modern way of life of the Bedouin is increasingly being threatened, especially by fixed boundaries, government programs for settlement ( permanent residents ) and increasing water scarcity.

Way of life

Bedouins live mainly by livestock. Among other things, they breed camels, sheep and goats for which they are looking for in the wilderness, and especially in the fringes of the desert pastures. Bedouins slaughter their camels only on rare occasions. It connects them with respect and love for them is so important these animals. In addition, the dromedary has a high status value. The Bedouins live mostly on bread, milk, cheese, vegetables, dates, legumes and olives. They live by the sea, including fish and seafood to the table. Your animals ( goats, sheep, etc. ) are usually slaughtered only for special occasions and are a real feast; they do using their right hand for eating. Your left hand is, as in most Islamic nations as unclean, because this hand is used for cleaning. The dress code is clearly defined. Men and women wear their clothes and towels in traditionally prescribed colors. It is unbecoming for men and women to show bare skin.

In some areas, such as Egypt and Sinai Bedouins live from tourism, which they called by their hospitality at globetrotters into life and then worked for either a host or own holiday camps, such as in Mahash, Nuweiba, Dahab founded. For example, on the pristine beaches in Sinai self-managed Bedouin camps have emerged since the late 1980s, which are visited by guests from all over the world.

In addition, Bedouin work as a guide for study trips or desert trips. These revenue sources are, however, increasingly difficult by land sale, displacement by international operators and governmental agencies or attacks in the resort area.

The Arabic-speaking Bedouin are not to be confused with the Berber-speaking people of the Tuareg in North Africa. The Beja are traditional Bedouin.

Tribalism

Bedouins are still closely linked to their respective tribe whose patriarchs and Sheiks they often can call up in long past centuries into it. Some trace their family tree back to the Prophet Mohammed. Disputes affect not only the combatants, but the entire tribe, and if necessary, be resolved before a court, the presiding the sheikhs of the respective tribe. Even for a wedding is important that the bride and groom come from the same or at least from a friendly tribe. In most Bedouin to date marrying the bint ʿ amm, the cousin is very common.

Bedouin in Israel

The majority of the now only semi - nomadic Bedouins fled Palestine during the 1948 war, or was expelled. Below was a large part of the Negev state and military area and the Bedouins were moved to a reserve -like area in the northeast of the Negev, which accounts for only 10 % of the area of the Negev.

Since the 1960s, the Israeli government tried both reinforced Jewish settlers to move to the office, as to resettle the remaining Bedouin population in some cities established for this purpose and carry out land expropriations. To be able to take legal action against the nomadic population in 1950 was in the name of environmental protection grazing herds of cattle - the Bedouin bred for centuries in particular goats in this region - banned in large parts of the Negev. The human rights organization Human Rights Watch ( HRW) called in 2008 for an immediate stop of destruction of homes of Bedouins as well as an independent investigation of discriminatory treatment. According to HRW, Israel has destroyed since the 70s of thousands of such houses.

Ismail Khaldi is the first Bedouin and high-ranking Muslim diplomat in the State of Israel.

Although the Bedouin are not subject to conscription, the Israeli army has specialized units from Bedouins, especially as a tracker.

Bedouins in the West Bank

According to the United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East ( UNRWA), the rate of Underdeveloped awareness among Bedouin communities in the West Bank is twice as high as in children in the Gaza Strip. Almost half of children suffering from diarrhea, which is one of the biggest causes of death worldwide in children under 5 years. According to the OCHA cause the Israeli restrictions on Palestinian access to agricultural land in this area that thousands of people are starving.

Bedun

As Bedun stateless people in the Arab world are called. They often originate from Bedouins who were around in Kuwait before 1920 not able to log on and gain the rights of citizenship. The Bedunstatus is inherited and has significant social discrimination.