Beloyarsk Nuclear Power Station
F1
Active reactors ( gross ):
Decommissioned Reactors ( gross ):
Reactors under construction ( gross ):
Reactors in planning ( gross ):
The nuclear power plant Beloyarskaya ( [ listen? / I] russian Белоярская АЭС, abbreviation БАЭС, BAES ) is located east of the Ural Mountains, 50 km from the metropolis of Yekaterinburg, at Saretschny. The nuclear power plant was the first commercial civil nuclear power plant in the Soviet Union and has a total of four blocks. The power plant draws its cooling water from the applied for the nuclear power plant at the dam Pyshma Belojarsker which 1 and 2 arose during the construction of the blocks 1958-1961.
- 3.1 Operating profit
- 3.2 incidents
- 4.1 Operating Result
- 4.2 incidents
History
The power plant was built in its present form since 1964. It is named after Igor Vasilyevich Kurchatov academician also nuclear power plant Igor Kurchatov. With the commissioning of the BN -600 Beloyarskaya location was secured. Since the commissioning of the power plant has five times won the title Best nuclear power plant in Russia and in 1980 received the Order of the Red Banner of Labor. Reactors 1 and 2, which are now decommissioned, are located in the decommissioning phase. The contaminated components are to be stored long term near the power plant.
The nuclear power plant generates about 10 % of the electrical energy for the Sverdlovsk Oblast. In 2008, approximately 2,000 people were employed in the nuclear power plant. On the site of the power plant is also home to the IWW -2M research reactor.
Block 1
On April 26, 1964, AMB reactor was first synchronized with the grid in Beloyarskaya. This type of reactor is one of the predecessors of the RBMK. The reactor was first critically on September 1, 1963. The reactor had an electrical output of 100 MW. It was decommissioned in 1983.
Incidents
1964 and 1979 burned several times by fuel in the first block. The repairs were done in under an unacceptably high radiation dose to the workers.
Block 2
On 29 December 1967, the second block of the nuclear power plant went into operation. This was also a graphite- moderated pressure tube reactor type AMB, but with a capacity of 200 MW. For the first time, he was critical on 10 October 1967. The reactor was finally shut down after 23 years of operation in 1990 because he did not meet the new security requirements after the Chernobyl disaster.
Operating profit
The reactor was in the year 1987 6966 hours in the network, having supplied 1,028 gigawatt hours. In 1989, the power plant was 5263 hours on the net, having supplied 771.5 gigawatt hours.
In its shutdown in 1989, the reactor had produced a total of 22008.717 gigawatt hours of electricity.
Incidents
1977 half of the fuel was destroyed in the active zone in block 2.
30-31. December 1978, the temperature dropped to around -50 ° C. In the following New Year's Eve, it came through the low temperatures in a serious incident, which have extended nearly to a meltdown. The roof of the turbine hall collapsed due to material fatigue. Parts fell on the generator and there was a short circuit that caused a fire in the turbine hall. Test leads to the reactor were partially destroyed. Burning oil made it difficult for firefighters to bring the fire under control. In order to prevent a meltdown, the reactor had to be shut down. Thick smoke came into the control room, so that an operator had to leave temporarily the control room and only for a short time, this could temporarily re-enter in order to perform some circuits. In the first hours we went from fear of consequences because to evacuate the nearby working class town Saretschny. You already tried to organize in the Sverdlovsk Oblast many buses and trains for evacuation.
Eight people were contaminated heavily radioactive, nearly two dozen were temporarily unconscious by the smoke, but after a few hours, the reactors were under control. In Yekaterinburg, a panic broke out because rumors of the burning nuclear power plant haunted Beloyarskaya. After the incident, gave the then Prime Minister of the USSR, Alexei N. Kosygin, all operators and firemen that had prevented a catastrophe, a Medal of Honor. In the Chernobyl disaster, the first measures then were the same as in Beloyarskaya, since you could use there, the experiences you had at that time collected here. The head of the measures in Beloyarskaya, Vladimir Zakharov, in Chernobyl was the deputy head of the first group, who led the first measures after the disaster.
Block 3
1980, a fast reactor of the Russian BN- series has been commissioned. This reactor is currently the world's largest fast breeder reactors in operation. He is the successor of the BN -350 nuclear power plant in Aktau (Kazakhstan). The reactor has three cooling circuits and a gross capacity of 600 MW and has no containment. The previously expressed by the operator RosEnergoAtom advertising statement that he was one of the cleanest and safest reactors in the world, because he releasing virtually no carcinogens, is now no longer maintained. This claim was also denied for some time, inter alia, of the environmental organization Bellona Foundation and the European Commission.
The reactor has a thermal power of 1470 MW. The only biological shield of the reactor, a 10 mm steel structure surrounding the reactor pressure vessel. As fuel, the reactor uses highly enriched uranium with an enrichment level of 17-21 %. The active zone of the reactor is one meter high and has a diameter of two meters. The reactor has three cooling circuits and the coolant flow rate of the reactor is 25,000 tons per hour. The sodium leaves the reactor with up to 550 ° C and transfers the heat for six heat exchangers in the secondary circuit. The water is heated to 260 ° C and passed through the 600 MW turbine.
In 1987 the active zone of the reactor was modernized. This enabled the combustion of the fuel of 6.9 % to 6.5% can be reduced. From 1991 to 1993 the active zone was modernized again. This enabled the burn will drop to 6.0%.
The shutdown of the reactor was scheduled for 2010. However, the reactor will be upgraded and modernized to allow an extension of the operating time by 15 years. The reactor is now until the end of 2021Vorlage: Remember the Future / In 5 years in operation.
Operating profit
How much electricity the power plant depends on the availability and uptime of the reactor. The reactor could, if he had an availability of 100 %, producing 5.25 billion gross electricity kilowatt hour. This is possible but not because the reactor must be shut down or shut down, among others, for the purpose of revising or unscheduled disturbances.
The best year of operation with the most availability rate was in 1992 with up to 7449 hours operation and with the greatest power production since the beginning of commercial operation by 4095 gigawatt hours. The worst result was achieved in 1982 with an availability of 5555 hours of operation and a production capacity of 2771 gigawatt hours.
In 1992, ten years after the start of commercial operation, the reactor had already produced 43 976 gigawatt hours of electricity. During his 20 -year anniversary in 2002, the reactor had recorded a total production of 79 670 gigawatt hours.
Incidents
In December 1992, radioactively contaminated water reached when pumping of radioactive sludge from the waste tank into the cooling water basin. The water leaked due to a leaking safety foundation into the ground. The incident was an INES -1 event.
On October 7, 1993, came to a sodium leak in a pipe of the auxiliary systems. This led to the release of about 1,000 liters of sodium and release of small amounts of radioactivity. The reactor was shut down. It broke out a small fire in one of the power circuits of the primary cooling. The incident was classified on the INES with the stage 1.
In November 1993, shortly after the sodium leak, the block was shut down due to increased radiation levels in the exhaust system. This is due to the leak in October. The incident was also an INES -1 event.
In May 1994, broke at a major overhaul of a fire, ran as sodium in the secondary circuit and reacted with water. However, no radioactivity was released into the environment. The event was classified as INES 1.
In July 1995 there was a sodium leak. The reactor had to be shut down for two weeks.
On December 15, 1995, there was a change in helium pressure in one of the circuits. The reactor was shut down.
On March 25, 1996, came close to the disposal facility to a short circuit. The reactor remained in operation.
On September 9, 2000, there were in the region and in the power plant is a power failure. Here, according to the representation of a failed, the emergency diesel generators; After 36 minutes, the diesel generators were repaired. According to the other view, the diesel have worked much earlier, because after half an hour without electricity already an "explosion " would be expected in the reactor system.
On 10 July 2007, lightning struck near the power plant in a high-voltage line. This provided the generator only a capacity of 400 MW instead of 600 MW. The technicians were able to bring the reactor with difficulty back to full power.
Block 4
In the 1980s, has begun to build a fourth block of type BN -800. Because of the Chernobyl disaster in 1986, the project was frozen. 1997 it was decided to take up the construction again.
Since 2006, the BN -800 is again under construction. Its electrical power should be 880 MWe and thermal power at 2100 MWt. It is expected from the construction of a fuel cycle in Russia. This should also depleting the weak uranium mines in Russia are protected. The BN -800 is intended to serve as a prototype for the BN -1800, whose construction is planned in Beloyarskaya. The construction of the BN -800 is financed by the federal budget and of Rosatom. This is the first reactor of this type, since the construction started in 1986 the nuclear power plant South Urals was shut down due to financial problems.
On 7 December 2007, the first two sodium tanks were installed and filled. The tanks have a length of 15 m, a diameter of 4 meters and weigh 54 tons. The reactor is to begin operation in 2014.
Block 5
RosEnergoAtom plans to build another nuclear unit with a reactor of the type BN in 1800. This reactor is intended to serve as a prototype for this new series.
Data of the reactor units
The nuclear power plant Beloyarskaya has four blocks: