Bernard de Jussieu

Bernard de Jussieu ( born August 17, 1699 Lyon, † November 6, 1777 in Paris) was a French botanist. Its official botanical author abbreviation is " B.Juss. ".

Life and work

Bernard de Jussieu was a son of Laurent de Jussieu pharmacist Lyons (1651-1718) and his wife Lucie cousin. Two of his brothers were the botanist Antoine de Jussieu and Joseph. Bernard de Jussieu received his first training at the Jesuit school in Lyon, which included in particular a study of rhetoric. In 1714 he moved to Paris with his brother Antoine, of the Department of Botany at the Jardin du Roi held for several years in order to continue his education. 1716 Bernard de Jussieu accompanied his brother on a trip through France, Spain and Portugal, where his interest in botany awoke. After his return he herbarisierte some time in the area of Lyon, and finally began to study medicine at the University of Montpellier. There, in 1719, Bernard de Jussieu acquired under Magnol Antoine ( 1676-1759 ) with the work of De naturali secretione bilis in jecore a bachelor's degree in medicine. He then practiced for a time as a doctor, but was not pleased with this activity. After the death of Sébastien Vaillant Bernard de Jussieu was ( " sous- démonstrateur de l' extérieur des plantes ") at the Jardin du Roi appointed on September 30, 1722 to Unterdemonstrator and was responsible for the garden and greenhouses.

Bernard de Jussieu in 1724 received a Licentiate of the Medical Faculty of the University of Paris, who in 1726 was followed by his Doctor of Medicine there. In the meantime, he had issued an invitation to make observations expanded edition of Pitton de Tournefort Joseph work Histoire des plantes qui naissent dans les environs de Paris on growing in the vicinity of Paris plants. The operations performed by Bernard de Jussieu excursion were widely used. His lectures at the Jardin du Roi influenced, for example, Michel Adanson, Jean- Étienne Guettard, Henri Louis Duhamel du Monceau, Louis Guillaume Le Monnier, André Thouin, the gardener Claude (1705-1784) and Antoine Richard (1737-1807) and his brother Joseph and his nephew Antoine- Laurent. Among the audience of his lectures there were among others Georges- Louis Leclerc de Buffon, Chrétien -Guillaume de Lamoignon de Malesherbes and Carl Linnaeus.

Bernard de Jussieu traveled twice to England. From there, he led the 1734 Lebanon cedar one to France. In 1739 he published his first memoir, which had the genus of ferns pill the subject. In other essays, he dealt with the genera and Lemma Litorella. His botanical lectures and his ideas on the classification of plants, however, he never prepared to for publication. As overseer of the Garden at Petit Trianon monitored Bernard de Jussieu in 1758 the construction of a botanical garden has been tried in the by grouping plants of similar genres to represent the natural system of plants. He used his further development of the Fragmenta methodological naturalis, which Linnaeus had published in 1738 in Classes Plantarum. This system was not printed until 1789 in Antoine- Laurent de Jussieu Genera Plantarum work.

On July 31, 1725 he was elected to the Académie des sciences in place of Antoine- Tristan d' Isnard Danty to their member as " Adjoint botaniste ". On March 16, 1739 moved for Henri Louis Duhamel du Monceau as " Associé botaniste " after and was already on 20 May 1739 replacement for the late Michel -Louis Reneaume ( 1675-1739 ) " Pensionnaire ". 1753 was Bernard de Jussieu deputy director and in 1754 director of the Académie des sciences.

At the suggestion of the physician James Jurin (1684-1750) he was elected to the Royal Society on June 22, 1727. On November 18, 1749 Bernard de Jussieu was admitted as a foreign member of the Swedish Academy of Engineering in Kungliga.

Ehrentaxa

William Houstoun named him and his brothers Antoine de Jussieu and Joseph de Jussieu in honor of a genus Jussieva. Carl Linnaeus asked this but to Jatropha and named after them the genus Jussiaea the plant family Onagraceae ( Onagraceae ), which has risen, however, according to the nomenclature used here in the genus Heusenkräuter ( Ludwigia ).

The 1754 was introduced in the 4th edition of his work The Gardeners Dictionary by Philip Miller Bernardia plant species of the family Euphorbiaceae ( Euphorbiaceae ) was probably also named after him.

Writings (selection )

• Joseph Pitton de Tournefort: Histoire Des Plantes Qui Naissent Aux Environs De Paris Avec leur usage dans la Medecine. 2 Volumes, 2nd revised edition, Musier, Paris 1725 ( Volume 1, Volume 2).

• De naturali secretione bilis in jecore. H. Pech, Montpellier 1719 (online).
• Catalogue des arbres, et qui se peuvent arbrisseau elever en pleine terre aux environs de Paris. J. Bullot, Paris 1735 (online).
• Examination of the Causes qui ont older l'eau de la Seine, pendant la sécheresse de l' année 1731, In: . Histoire de l' Académie royale des sciences. Année 1733. Paris 1735, pp. 351-360 (online).
• Histoire d'une Plante, connue par les sous le nom de Botanistes Pilularia. In: Histoire de l' Académie royale des sciences. Année 1739th Paris 1741, pp. 240-256 (online).
• Histoire du lemma. In: Histoire de l' Académie royale des sciences. Année 1740. Paris 1742, pp. 263-275 (online).
• Sur une d' espèce Ouate ou de matière cotonneuse trouvée au fond d'un Etang. In: Histoire de l' Académie royale des sciences. Année in 1741. Paris 1744, pp. 85-86 (online).
• Observation nouvelle sur les Fleurs d'une espèce de Plantain nommée par M. de Tournefort dans ses Elemens de Botanique, Plantago palustris gramineo folio monanthos Parisiensis, p 104 In: Histoire de l' Académie royale des sciences. Année 1742. Paris 1745, pp. 131-138 (online).
• Examen de quelques Productions qui ont été marines mises au nombre des Plantes qui sont l' & ouvrage d'une varietal d' Insectes de Mer: Histoire de l' Académie royale des sciences. Année 1742. Paris 1745, pp. 290-302 (online).
• [ Observations sur les effets de l' eau de Luce contre la morsure of vipères et des serpene ]. In: Histoire de l' Académie royale des sciences. Année in 1747. Pp. 54-56 (online).

• Bernardi de Jussieu Ordines Naturales in Ludovici XV Horto Trianonensi dispositi anno 1759 In: . Antoine- Laurent de Jussieu: Genera Plantarum secundum ordines naturales disposita juxta methodum in Horto Regio Parisiensi exaratam. Paris 1789, pp. LXIII - LXX (online).