Bernhard Horwitz

Bernhard Horwitz ( born May 10, 1807 in Neustrelitz as Benjamin Horwitz, † August 29 1885 in London ) was a German - British chess master and composer study.

Horwitz was of Jewish descent. His first name Benjamin he later changed in Bernhard. From 1836 to 1839 he studied at the Art Academy in Berlin painting and belonged at that time the local Berliner Chess School, the Pleiades, at.

The term " Horwitz runner" stands for two standing on adjacent diagonals runners, both of which aim at the enemy Köngisstellung. Aaron Nimzowitsch used this term in his book My System.

Chess players

In 1839, Horwitz moved to Hamburg, then in 1845 to England for further training in his art career. There he took on British citizenship and participated actively at chess operation. He played tournaments with the best local players, including Howard Staunton (1846, 7:14 at 3 draws ), Lionel Kieseritzky (1846, 4:7 at 1 draw), Daniel Harrwitz (1846, 4:6 with 1 draw and 1849, 6:7 with 2 draws ), Henry E. Bird (1851, 7:3 at 4 draws ), Johann Jacob Loewenthal (1852, 1:4 ) Ignaz von Kolisch (1860, 1:3 ).

In 1851 he participated in the first international tournament in London, where he finished 7th. He defeated in the first round Bird with 2.5:1.5, then defeated Staunton but with 2,5:4,5.

Horwitzens best historical Elo rating was 2579th This he reached in October 1846. At times, he was number three in the world rankings.

Chess Composer

Its chief merit lies in chess but far more analytical in his work as a composer tasks and studies. He won the following post the first study composition Tournament history, which was organized by Lowenthal.

Solution: 1 c3xd4 Kc5 -d5 2 c2 - c4 e6 KD5 3 Tf3xf6 De7xf6 4 d4 -d5 d6 - Ke6 5 K g2 -f1 - f4 Df6 6 Sh6 - f7 wins because black by a fork (the subject of the study) loses his lady in the next train.

In 1851 he issued together with Josef Kling a collection of 208 playoffs, Chess Studies: It is mainly about community work. This work, in 1884 after the death of Kling Horwitz as Chess Studies and End -Games released with expanded scope, became the basis of modern endgame theory. Both authors are at the same time as the founder of modern endgame study.

Horwitz composed under his own name in 1855, over 200 studies, which he published in journals, such as Westminster Papers, The City of London Chess Magazine and The Chess Monthly.

Works

• Kling / Horwitz: Chess studies; or endings of games. London 1851