Betoideae

Wild beet ( Beta vulgaris subsp. Maritima )

The Betoideae are a subfamily of the family of Amaranthaceae ( Amaranthaceae ). Previously they were made ​​the goosefoot family ( Chenopodiaceae ), these are now included in the fox tail plants.

Features

The Betoideae include one-, two-year or perennial herbaceous plants, lianas ( Hablitzia tamnoides ) and subshrubs. The flowers usually have five bloom ( Aphanisma only three) and five stamens ( Aphanisma only one). The fruits of Betoideae are capsule fruits that open with a lid.

The subfamily is divided into two tribes: The Beteae the perianth for fruit time at the base is woody, and the stamens spring at the base of a fleshy bulge. The Hablitzieae the perianth for fruit time, however, remains membranous, and the stamens are united at the base in a membranous ring.

Dissemination and evolution

Except for one species of the genera Betoideae in Western and Southern Europe come before in the Mediterranean area and to Southwest Asia; outside the main area of ​​distribution is found only the genus Aphanisma on the coasts of California.

The age of the subfamily Betoideae is estimated to be 48.6 to 35.4 million years. The geographically distant today genus Aphanisma in California is most closely related to Oreobliton from the main distribution area. Both are viewed as a relic of a plant spread through Beringia ancestors, the age of the disjunction is estimated to 15.4 bis 9.2 million years

System

Oskar Eberhard Ulbrich presented in 1934 Betoideae subfamily within the family Goosefoot family ( Chenopodiaceae ) on. He divided the family further into the tribe and the tribe Hablitzieae Beteae with the single genus ( beta). This classification is phylogenetic analyzes of Kadereit et al. (2006) essentially confirms. However, apparently including some species that were previously provided to Beta to the Hablitzieae and are now grouped as a species Patellifolia there.

The subfamily Betoideae is regarded as a monophyletic taxon. It contains five to six genera with 13 to 20 species.

  • Tribus Beteae Moq. : Beet (Beta L.): With approximately seven to twelve species in Western Europe, the Mediterranean region and Western Asia. There are perennial and annual plants. With major crops such as: Swiss chard, beetroot, fodder beet, sugar beet
  • Aphanisma Nutt. ex Moq:. With the only kind: Aphanisma blitoides Nutt. ex Moq:. These annual plant is native to beaches in California.
  • Hablitzia tamnoides M.Bieb: . These perennial climber native to deciduous forests of the Caucasus region.
  • Oreobliton thesioides Durieu & Moq:. This shrub is native to North Africa and grows on limestone rocks in the Atlas Mountains.
  • Patellifolia patellaris ( Moq. ) A. J. Scott & al. (Syn. Beta patellaris Moq. ) In the Canary Islands and in the western Mediterranean (Spain, Balearic Islands, Sicily, Morocco)
  • Patellifolia procumbens ( AD Sm ) A. J. Scott & al. (Syn. Beta Procumbentes Chr Sm ) in the Canary Islands
  • Patellifolia webbiana ( Moq. ) A. J. Scott & al. (Syn. Beta webbiana Moq. ) In the Canary Islands
  • Acroglochin Schrad. ex Schult. With one or two species. When viewed as a single type Acroglochin is persicarioides ( Poiret ) Moquin - Tandon, the only way it occurs from India, Kashmir, Pakistan, Nepal, Bhutan and China.

Use

The beet ( Beta vulgaris L. subsp. Vulgaris) is economically important as a vegetable plant ( chard, beetroot ), supplied as a sugar plant ( sugar beet), and as a forage crop ( fodder ). Moreover, this type is used as a medicinal plant, ornamental plant, dye- plant and as a renewable resource use.

Caucasus Mountains
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