Bezirk Lothringen
The district Lorraine (French Département de la Lorraine ) was one of three districts of the Empire State Alsace- Lorraine. District town was Metz. The area of the district is similar to the present-day département of Moselle.
- 3.1 President of the District Tags of Lorraine
- 3.2 District President
History
After the Franco-German war the defeated France Alsace and parts of Lorraine joined the Peace of Frankfurt on 10 May 1871 from Germany. They formed since the National Rural Alsace-Lorraine. The kingdom country was a constituent state of the German Empire with special status as it initially did not have their own legislation through Alsace and Lorraine representatives of the people. In 1874 there was the indirectly elected National Committee, which was until 1911 upgraded to a representation of the people directly elected. This was how not to their full extent responsible for legislation in many states of the empire and did not choose the state government. In the German states with limited Legislation and control of the government, the power lay with the respective monarchs, in the realm country, however, in the imperial governor appointed by the Reich. In the Bundesrat, the kingdom country was not represented until 1911. Hence the name Empire country, not the state. From 1911 it sent three representatives, but because of the special status remained the term kingdom country.
The district Lorraine included next to the German-speaking part of Lorraine and French-speaking areas west of the German - French language border surrounding Metz and Château- Salins. The districts of the Empire State were higher municipal associations, therefore, the district association not unlike Palatinate, whose structures were in 1816 also emerged from a French department with the Conseil Général and the 1828 was the inspiration for the creation of districts in the rest of Bavaria. As a higher-level local Association of District Lorraine led a coat of arms, the traditional coat of arms of Lorraine, which appear on coupons and bonds of the district in seals.
The area of the district of Lorraine and its capital Metz remained after the reincorporation of the county of France in 1919 in its territorial shape unchanged and forms the current Moselle department. During the German occupation of 1940-1944, this area was the CdZ - Lorraine region, part of the Gaus Westmark.
Territorial outline
From the annexed by Germany eastern four -fifths of the former departments of Moselle old and the eastern third of the former Meurthe (and its two arrondissements Château- Salins and Sarrebourg ) the district Lorraine was formed. Addition, there were the districts of Haut-Rhin and Bas-Rhin.
The district was divided into circles while the structure of the previously existing French arrondissement was mostly taken over. The circles of the district were the following:
Territorial changes
On March 1, 1873 came the town of Raon- lès- Leau, Circle Saar castle i Lothr., to the circle Molsheim in the district of Lower Alsace. On January 1, 1881, the municipality Great Tänchen was reclassified from Forbach circle into the circle Château- Salins. On May 14, 1884 changed parts of the territory of the municipality Haegen, in the circle Saar castle, while parts of the territory of the municipality Hültenhausen went over the circle Saverne, Lower Alsace in the opposite direction from the circle Saar castle in the circle Saverne. On 27 June 1890, the municipality Lauter Began changed from Château- Salins circle to circle Saar castle. In 1891, volume up Began again to the circle Château- Salins and this gave it Mitter home to the county Saar castle. On April 1, 1896 issued a new municipal code for the kingdom country. On April 8, 1901, a part of the municipality of Gandringen came to the county Metz (country ) and the circle Diedenhofen was divided into an eastern and a western district. The municipalities Devant- les- Ponts and Plantières, circle Metz (country ), were incorporated on April 1, 1908 in the city of Metz. On April 1, 1914 Le Sablon was incorporated into Metz.
Offices and institutions
At the top of each district in the country was a kingdom District President / Président du département. His authority was the District Bureau / la Présidence du département. Each district had as representative of a county council consisting of elected representatives (See District days in Bavaria). This reflects the districts differed in the realm of government land districts in Prussia, which had no associations of local authorities, but the government side territorial administrative units.
President of the District Tags of Lorraine
The presidents were elected by the county council of Lorraine (French Conseil Général de la Lorraine ), whose members were themselves elected by the affiliated municipalities.
District President
During the war, military governors were used in the occupied French territories. Adolf von Bonin was governor-general of occupied Lorraine until the end of the military administration ( General Government ) on 28 March, 1871. Between the end of March and September 1871 officiated a German prefect of Metz instead of a French incumbent. In May, the area of the later district was annexed. The office of prefect now received the designation district president, who were each appointed by the Imperial governor.
Bibliography
- Official Journal of the district Lorraine / Recueil officiel of the actes administratifs du Département de la Lorraine ( see: catalog entry of the National and University Library of Strasbourg; emerged from the crew official ' Official Journal of the department of German - Lorraine / Recueil officiel of the actes administratifs du Département de la Lorraine allemande ', published on December 18, 1870 )
- The old territories in the region of Lorraine with the inclusion of belonging to the Upper Rhine circles areas in the districts of Lower Alsace as it stood on January 1, 1648, Part II, Cologne: DuMont, 1909, pp. 176-185.
- Ernst Bruck, The Constitutional and Administrative Law of Alsace- Lorraine: 3 vols, Strasbourg in Alsace: Trübner, 1908-1910. ( Online edition ).
- Stefan Fish, " Alsace in the German Empire ( 1870/71-1918 ) ', in Alsace. Historic landscape through the ages, Michael Heritage ( eds.), Stuttgart: Kohl hammer, 2003, pp. 123-146. ISBN 3- 17-015771 -X.
- George Lang, The governmental district Lorraine: statistical- topographic Manual, Management schematism and address, Metz: Lang, 1874
- François Roth, La Lorraine annexée: étude sur la Présidence de Lorraine dans l' Empire allemand (1870 - 1918), 2nd edition, Woippy: Serpenoise, 2007 ISBN 978-2-87692-720-9.
- Negotiations of the District Day of Lorraine / Procès - verbaux of Deliberations du Conseil Général de la Lorraine, Metz ( published: 1874-1918 )