Biblioteca Nazionale Centrale di Roma

The Italian National Library consists of two institutions, the Biblioteca Nazionale Centrale di Firenze older ( BNCF ) in Florence and the Biblioteca Nazionale Centrale younger Vittorio Emanuele II Roma ( BNCR ) in Rome. Both stock is almost the same size, but they each have significant collections connected and different priorities. While the library in Florence collects the published literature in Italy, acquires the library in Rome in addition to abroad published about Italy media.

• 3.1 Tasks
• 3.2 Collections
• 3.3 offers

History of Italian National Libraries of Florence and Rome

Until the mid- 19th century, the history of Italian libraries was groundbreaking, varied and less stringent. Was there in the Middle Ages primarily monastic and private libraries, witnessed the public library system in the early modern period to conquer.

In contrast to ancient times, in Rome and the south were intellectual, cultural and political center, now served northern and central Italy as the center of development, which both socio-economic and cultural reasons, had since the great scholars of the 14th and 15th century had their roots in Northern and Central Italy. The first public library in the world was founded in Florence in 1441 ( Medica Pubblica ). This was followed by numerous start-ups and library buildings throughout Italy. The wedding of university libraries followed in the 17th century.

This exemplary development was interrupted by political events of the late 18th century. During the French Revolution and the Italian campaign of Napoleon libraries were looted and destroyed or confiscated old literature. The Italian territory was then reorganized ( Risorgimento ) and led in 1857 to the founding of the Kingdom of Italy, first with Turin, then with Florence as its capital. This fact made ​​sure that in Florence the first national library of the Kingdom of Italy was founded in 1865.

The former existence of the Florentine National Library was composed of the two important libraries: the Biblioteca Magliabechiana, a public library at this time in Florence, in 1714 bequeathed to the librarian and book collector Antonio Magliabechi his private book collection of 25,000 media; and the Biblioteca Palatina, the Library of Palazzo Pitti ( 90,000 media). Furthermore writings came from collections of different private and monastic libraries do so.

The Kingdom of Italy was extended by several territories in the following years, including the Papal States, which is why Rome was in 1870 finally declared the capital of Italy and thus set up in 1873 a further National Library in Rome; should not only to give the city of Rome a large library, but also to give the whole nation a national library, which can be made the comparison with the largest in Europe. Their inventory consisted of writings of various monastic libraries and those of the Biblioteca Maior ( 50,000 media) together.

With the political unity also librarianship should be centralized and the rich cultural heritage of Italy organized and managed centrally. The first all- Italian library rules was launched in 1869 and in two stages (1876, 1885) completed. It ordered the two national libraries in Rome and Florence at the autonomous libraries. They were also given, under the premise that they have the most important collections of books in the country, primacy among the libraries, more financial assistance and 1885 in addition to their already existing name Biblioteca Nazionale adding Centrale, was thus clearly established that the national libraries in Rome and Florence henceforth together devoted to those tasks which holds a National Library.

In general it can be said that the BNCF 's mission is to collect sämtliches Italian literature, whereas Rome was to collect and document the entire modern foreign literature. Today the BNCF has an inventory of 5.3 million printed products, which currently houses BNCR even more than 6 million.

It should be mentioned that the existing division of Italy over the centuries had seen in the states that was worked until the end of the 19th century at all in the formation of an Italian nation-state and the reflected also in librarianship. The first valid throughout Italy Library Regulations of 1869 said because even the 13 largest and most important libraries in Italy on regional importance, seven of them received one after the designation Biblioteca Nazionale ( inter alia, Rome, Florence, Turin, Milan, Palermo, Venice) because the cultural significance and continuity of the former territorial states should be recognized and simultaneously exaggerated autonomist tendencies are mitigated.

Biblioteca Nazionale Centrale di Firenze ( BNCF )

Tasks

The BNCF was given the task, all the Italian literature, that is to collect all the Italian written and Italy all relevant literature as completely as possible and to document with the first version of the Italian Library Regulations of 1869. However, it must be stated that this library is OK not to be construed as a library law. Today, although there are regional laws and statutes, a central law passed, applicable for the whole of Italy Libraries Act but there is no thing - is due to the federal structure of the republic - as in Germany.

Based on this collective action is the right to a legal deposit that has already been awarded the BNCF 1869/1870 and includes not only the entire Italian literature, but also other writings and has been extended in the modern age is the component of the electronic resources. The Carta dei Servizi BNCF noted with regard to the functions of the National Library: "We collect and keep a copy of each published in Italy the work, a copy of each Italian university publication, each electronic publication, the works that the culture of Italy abroad and the international culture best documented. "

A royal decree of 1885 obliged the BNCF to publish a national bibliography documenting this collection activities, the bi-monthly under the name Bollettino delle Pubblicazioni italiane ricevute by diritto di stampa 1886-1900, later monthly, appeared. In 1958, the Bollettino changed his name to Bibliografia Nazionale Italiana (BNI ), under which it appears even today, and indeed the entire period since comprehensive, updated quarterly on CD- ROM.

The BNCF edited this national bibliography, edited it is, however, by the Istituto Centrale per il Catalogo Unico delle Biblioteche Italiane e per le Informazioni Bibliografiche ( ICCU ), the Central Institute for Cataloguing in Italy, which was founded in 1951 to promote the development of library services throughout the country ensure at the same level. The ICCU also plays an important role in the collection and care of the many old stocks in the country.

Collections

Since the Republic of Italy in general has always been in terms of old stocks the leading position in Europe holds and the BNCF in particular at its inception in 1865, the collections of two time major libraries, Platini and Magliabechiani, took over that portfolio over the years through purchases and donations of precious writings has been extended, we can see that the Italian National Central Library of Florence one of the largest and most valuable of all.

As already mentioned, has the BNCF currently a stock of about 5.3 million printed products; 115,000 periodicals, including about 15,000 in the form of running, 3,700 manuscripts, 25,000 manuscripts, 29,000 manuscripts from the 16th century and about a million autographs. This includes music manuscripts, theses, geographical maps.

Within this stock in particular the following special collections are: Giacomo Leopardi 's letters ( Luigi De Sinner, 1858); European and non- European literature ( Angelo De Gubernatis ); Church Reform in Italy ( Piero Guicciardini, 1877); many Aldine Nencini from the collection; Manuscripts by Ugo Foscolo (Diego Martelli ); Savonaroliana, so media about Girolamo Savonarola (Lorenzo Capponi ); Letter collections of the publisher Giovan Pietro and Le Monnier Vieusseux; Discount Tommaseo; History and literature ( Landau Finlay, 1949, 25,000 vols ) and the Galileo collection, including his autobiographical works and the Sidereus Nuncius Code from 1610 containing.

Offers

The BNCF is one for all persons aged 18 years and publicly accessible library. All services can be availed, but you need a permit to enter special departments may (Sale di consultazione, Sala and Sala manoscritti musica ).

In order to detect the existence, there are both alphabetic and systematic union catalogs ( for monographs and periodicals, by author and title, by subject, etc.) and special catalogs (catalogs of the holdings of the former Biblioteca Magliabechiana and Biblioteca Palatina, catalogs the geographic map, university publications, musical manuscripts, etc.).

It is possible to electronically access these catalogs. Is available on CD -ROM, as already mentioned, the Bibliografia Nazionale Italiana (BNI ) available, in addition to the catalog of the BNCF that contains 700,000 documents from the period 1958 to the present, and eleven times a year. The OPAC BNCF contains about 1,000,000 bibliographic records. The simple search is possible: by author, title, subject, keyword, type ( monographs, periodicals ), country, type ( publication, academic writing, music notation, electronic archive ... ), date, access ( print, digital), library ( to the OPAC BNCF are also connected to Biblioteca Marucelliana Florence, Laurentian Library, Biblioteca Riccardiana, Biblioteca di stato dell'Archivio, Biblioteca della Fondazione di studi storici Filippo Turati ). Similarly, the advanced search in the "normal" stocks is ( DDC, place, publisher, standard number, statement, etc.) and especially the legacy possible (after owning library and region).

Another online offer BNCF is the Catalogo in linea dei manoscritti Galileiani, one arising in cooperation with external institutions record that captures all manuscripts by Galileo Galilei located in the library. Furthermore, the BNCF part of the Italian Digital Library ( Biblioteca Digital Italiana ), a project that is subject to the ICCU.

The catalogs offered by the BNCF follow the rules according to DDC or RICA and ISBD. The data format used first, which enabled the exchange of bibliographic data, ANNA MARC was and was introduced in collaboration with the Library of Congress in 1975 to provide a MARC program available that is adapted to Italian cataloging rules. ANNA MARC was replaced in 1987 by the international standard format UNIMARC, which has promoted the formal development of the national bibliography, together with the introduction of the title shots by RICA and ISBD, the complete notation of the 19th edition of the Deweyan Decimal and specifying the short title in the registers. This is linked to the Servizio National Library System ( SBN), a project of the ICCU based in Florence, which in 1987 merged with the cataloging system and its main objectives on the one hand the automation of library services and, secondly, the creation of a national inventory of the collections of libraries are. The SNB has participated among others in the detailed planning of the OPAC BNCF.

Biblioteca Nazionale Centrale Vittorio Emanuele II Roma ( BNCR )

Tasks

The library is named after King Victor Emmanuel II. Your tasks describes the BNCR as follows: " [ ... ] the collection and storage of Italian literature, documentation of major foreign writings, in particular those that relate to our country, producing a national bibliographic services, distribution and making available of the existing stock. "

Opened a few years after the BNCF to the public BNCR received ten years after the first all- Italian Library Regulations of 1869 in 1880 the Plichtexemplarrecht. It included, to put together the claim of literary diversity and completeness in the country to meet with the BNCF, all the modern literature. As a basis acted as the BNCF the Royal Decree of 1885, the opere BNCR to the publication of the Bollettino delle modern straniere ( BOMS ) committed; a catalog, which should in the form of ongoing foreign publications, which are collected in the 37 major Italian libraries document. The catalog is distributed today by printing form. 400 copies go within Italy to state, municipal and provincial public libraries, university libraries and institutions and secondary schools. 125 copies of the catalog will be distributed abroad. Since 1999 there is also a CD - ROM version.

Collections

The stock of BNFR to printed products today, is more than six million; including 8,000 manuscripts, 46,000 periodicals, of which 15,000 in current form, about 21,000 geographical maps, 1,938 manuscripts, as well as university publications, and drawings.

Special collections there are to be noted, for example: the collection of Giuseppe Ceccarelli ( Ceccarius ); the photographic archive Vittorio Emanuel and Ceccarius; Oriental Special Collections (Arabic, Chinese, Japanese, Slavic ); a Roman department. Particularly valuable here are the original works Zibaldone ( Giuseppe Gioachino Belli ), vista di Roma con scene di costume ( Machiavelli ), La Fontana dei Fiumi a Piazza Navona ( Caspar van Wittel ), Historia Augusta ( a collection of biographies of Roman emperors ) and the Code Statuta mercatorum urbis.

Offers

The BNCR is one for all persons aged 18 years and fully accessible library. About the Bollettino delle opere National Bibliography modern straniere addition, it offers more services for their users.

The stock of BNCR is detected in various joint and specialty catalogs. There are both systematic and alphabetic catalogs for monographs, periodicals, theses, manuscripts, manuscripts, geographical maps, and the already mentioned special collections. All catalogs follow the rules according to DDC or RICA and ISBD and were developed with the participation of the SBN.

All total and specialty catalogs are also available online. The OPAC of BNCR, which was also created along with the SBN, provides several options: the basic search ( by author, title, subject, keywords, etc. ), the search for "modern" books ( by author, title, publisher, subject, keywords, etc. ), the search for old stock ( by author, title, publisher, place of publication, keywords, etc. ) and search for music fonts (by name, title, form, etc.). The record makes a linking search possible. Another offer of BNCR is all electronic resources that are available within the library (catalogs, databases, CD - ROM, etc. ), list and so make them accessible to the user.

The BNCR is how the BNCF, at the Digital Library of Italy ( Biblioteca Italiana Digital ) connected, a project that is subject to the ICCU. Data exchange is valid in the BNCR, as in the BNCF, the international standard format UNIMARC.

Furthermore, the BNCR important contact point for other bibliographic services. The bibliographic information office Centro Nazionale di Informazioni Bibliografiche was established in 1931 in Rome, there has since published by the UNESCO INDEX Translationum out an international bibliography of translations. In the same year appeared the first time under the responsibility of the BNCR Indice generale degli incunaboli ( IGI), The General Catalogue of Incunabula Italy, which covers the period 1500-1900. As part of a separate set of rules for inventory and cataloging of manuscripts and incunabula was developed. The Centro nazionale per lo studio del Manoscritto (Center for the Study of Manuscripts ) since 1989 in Rome. It preserves more than 100,000 microfilms of all available public and private Italian libraries manuscripts.