Biocide
Biocides (derived from the Greek bios life and caedere Latin kill ) are in pest control in the non-agricultural sector agents, chemicals and micro-organisms against harmful organisms (eg, rats, insects, fungi, microbes), so for example, disinfectants, rodenticides used or wood preservatives.
- 3.1 Classification by target organisms
- 3.2 Classification by type of product
Definition
According to the European Biocidal Products Directive biocidal products " active substances and preparations containing one or more active substances, in the form in which they are supplied to the user, which are intended to chemical or biological means to destroy harmful organisms, deter, render harmless, prevent the action of them or to fight in a different way. " Products that are used in the cultivation of plants are not referred to as biocides, but as pesticides. Biocides are also called " non-agricultural pesticides ".
Applications
In air conditioning, biocides are added to micro-organisms in the water cycle. Thus, a contamination of the recooling plant is prevented. Paints for Facades and ship paints contain so-called Anti-fouling to prevent pest infestation of the painted surfaces. Wood preservatives often contain both insecticides and fungicides. Textiles are among others equipped with microbicides. The addition of so-called pot preservatives (English in -can preservatives ) is prevented from washing and cleaning agents, paints and coatings degrade microbially. An important group of substances in the pot preservatives are the isothiazolinones.
Minimum inhibitory concentrations ( MIC) of important biocides
Classification of biocides
Classification by target organisms
- Acaricides against mites
- Algicides against algae
- Bactericides against bacteria
- Fungicides against fungi
- Insecticides against insects
- Microbicides equipment against germs
- Molluscicides against snails
- Nematicides against nematodes ( nematodes)
- Rodenticides against rodents
- Virucidal against viruses
- Avicides against birds
Classification by type of product
The EU Directive concerning the placing of biocidal products and the Swiss Ordinance on Biocide define four main groups with a total of 23 biocidal product types:
Biocides and animal welfare
The use of biocides is, by definition, in tension with the demands of animal welfare. This can be resolved by looking for ways to keep pests instead of destroying. Another, still young approach are ökoneutrale biocides, in which the manufacturer of the intervention in a population of animals creates a balance.