Bjerkandera adusta
Burnt Rauchporling ( Bjerkandera adusta )
The Burnt Rauchporling or smoky gray Porling ( Bjerkandera adusta ) is a species of fungus in the family Rauchporlingsverwandten ( Bjerkanderaceae ). The Weißfäuleerreger is a very common fungus. His hats overgrown often dachziegelig - grassy and in large flocks book stumps. Often large areas are covered only crust- shaped. The ocher to gray-brown, often darker zoned hat surface is wrinkled feinsamtig. The tube layer is smoke gray. Young fruiting bodies with a whitish edge which blackens on contact. The fruiting bodies look like then burnt. Therefore, the fungus has its name.
- 5.1 Subspecies and varieties
- 7.1 Notes and references
Features
Macroscopic characteristics
The fungus forms usually 3-7 cm wide and 2-6 mm flat fruiting bodies that extend horizontally up to about 4 cm from the wood. The fruiting bodies are semi-circular to rosette and often stand in dense groups. You grow so dachziegelig layered or laterally to long rows grown larger areas. The fruiting bodies are fresh soft to leathery, but will dry very hard. The top is gray and brownish feinfilzig and sometimes slightly zoned. Old copies are mostly bare. The whitish, outer growth edge is black when you touch it. This looks like the fungus burnt. The fruit body edge is usually wavy, more or less. The tube layer on the bottom is in young, growing mushrooms smoke gray, sometimes even dark brown. They also fleckt pressure blackish. The tubes are 0.5-2 mm long. The pore openings are very fine, one finds 4-6 roundish to angular pores per mm. The Cap flesh is tough and resilient and whitish to cream-colored. The Cap flesh or trama is separated by a thin blackish line from gray-black Röhrentrama. The fruiting bodies smell slightly fungal or of damp wood and slightly sour taste. The spore powder is white.
Microscopic characteristics
The spores are more or less elliptical, 4-5.5 microns long and 2-3 microns wide. They are smooth and inamyloid, ie they can not be stained with Jodreagenzien. The spores are quite thin and therefore appear in the microscope translucent ( hyaline ). The Hyphensystem is monomitisch and consists only of a thick-walled Hphyentyp. The hyphae are but different thicknesses. Thicker hyphae are less branched than the thinner. Cystidia not occur.
Artabgrenzung
The Burnt Rauchporling looks from a distance like the Butterfly Tramete from ( Trametes versicolor), but can be easily distinguished by the gray pores.
Law is similar to the shelled Rauchporling ( Bjerkandera Fumosa ), only slightly paler brown the tubes on pressure, but not black. Even through a longitudinal section through the fruiting body will allow the two species differ slightly. When Grey Yellow Rauchporling the tube layer is not darker than the Cap flesh. The blackish dividing line that separates the two layers for called Burnt Rauchporling missing.
Ecology
The Burnt Rauchporling occurs in all native forest and forestry companies. Especially often find him in mesophilic beeches and the corresponding hornbeam oak forests. But it also occurs in lowland forests and moorland and forest edges. Even outside of closed stands of trees you can find him, as in clearings, on trees and stumps along roads, rivers and canals, parks and timber yards. It grows to load and debarked trunks and stumps. Especially often find him on the face, but also on lying strains and stacking wood. It can also penetrate at wound sites in surviving trees. For example, in lightning channels and along heat cracks. Then he can sometimes highly hike up to the branches on the trunk. The fungus is a white rot fungus, which means it can simultaneously degrade lignin and cellulose. Appearance of the first fruiting bodies on dead wood, the fungus has reached the end of the initial phase. The fungus remains for several years on its substrate.
The Burnt Rauchporling is mainly on leaves, rarely on coniferous ago. His main substrate is beech wood, in which it grows in 5 of 10 cases. On spruce it occurs with a frequency of 1 to 10. However, the fungus has a very wide range of substrates. It can grow on maple, alder, birch, hornbeam, hazel, ash, poplar, cherry, oak, willow, and other deciduous trees. The fruiting bodies are annual, they usually die off in August. However, fruiting bodies can be found throughout the year, because if the old fruiting bodies die, the new ones are already formed.
Sporulation begins at the beginning of autumn, when the average daily temperatures fall below 10 ° C. It ends early summer of next year. Temperatures fall below 0 ° C, sporulation is interrupted as soon as the temperatures rise, spores are released again.
Dissemination
The fungus is distributed worldwide. It is found on all continents and is widely and fairly densely distributed. It is found in North, Central and South America, the Caribbean, Africa, in almost all of Asia and Australia and New Zealand. Even in Europe it is widespread.
In Germany, the mushroom from the Danish border and the East and North Frisian Islands is spread up into the Alps and often everywhere. He comes from the lowland ago to the higher mountains. Most commonly it is in the hills and lower mountains. Also in Austria is one of the Burnt Rauchporling the most common fungi.
System
Subspecies and varieties
The fungus can occur in various forms. The various forms have but probably no taxonomic value, as not rarely show all the transitions in the same location and substrate.
- Bjerkandera adusta f cinerata ( P.Karst. ) Domański, Orłoś Skirg. (1967)
- Bjerkandera adusta f resupinata ( Bourdot Galzin ) Domański, Orłoś & Skirg. (1967)
Importance
The Burnt Rauchporling is a predominantly saprobiontisch living fungus. It can also infect the wound and weak parasite living trees when they have been previously damaged by wind damage, lightning or Sägemaßnahmen in the ordinary and Astbereich. As an edible mushroom of Porling does not matter.