Black Forest house

The Black Forest is a residential barn house, which is found mainly in central and southern Black Forest. It is marked externally by far on the sides pulled down hipped or half-hipped roof, supported by the first column. The building is adapted to the peculiarity of the Black Forest: hillside, long distances, large amounts of snow and strong wind loads. Individual farms, such as the Hierahof to Lenzkirch -Saig, still managed to reach an age of over 400 years.

Types of houses

Depending on the location of the individual courtyards different house types have emerged, which are adapted to different climatic conditions. Hermann Schilli, the initiator of the Black Forest Open Air Museum Vogtsbauernhof, distinguishes seven types of the Black Forest house:

Construction

The house unites in itself both living and work spaces as well as stables. On a typically brick natural stone basement the other, built of wood floors sit on.

Roof

The far- projecting and sides deep-reaching umbrella shaded in summer the house walls, which, however, can be heated by the low sun in winter. The roof was covered depending on the situation with wood shingles or straw, nowadays usually takes place a tile roof. In the high altitudes of the Black Forest prevails cattle and timber industry, therefore, mostly shingles there are employed in the valleys are found predominantly straw cover. The sides sloped roof surfaces of the cripple hipped roof reduce the attack surface for wind loads and improve their removal.

The attic, also called antenna, serves as hay and is on a ramp or a bridge from the rising slope behind the house from passable ( high entrance ). The often dormer -like entrance is called " Ifahrhüsli " ​​in Alemannic. The hay can be easily thrown off by the so-called Heuloch into the underlying stables.

Living area

The focal point of the living area is a centrally located fireplace. He is also referred to as " Kunscht " in Alemannic. Heated from the kitchen, it heats the room at the same time as well as the higher-lying bedroom. The hot air supply to the higher-lying areas can be controlled by wooden sliding doors. Often there is no chimney, but the smoke goes through a chimney by a smoke from, for smoking the meat Inventories is used and then pulls through the roof. Thus, the humidity of the barn is neutralized and the wood preserved.

Economy range

In the back of the house are the stables, the animals wear in winter with the heating of the house at. Were partly above the stables the chambers for servants and for handmaids.

Basement

The built of natural stone cellar protects the building from ground moisture. It is used in both winter and summer as a cool storage space for perishable foods.

Outbuilding

Depending on the local conditions and the extent of Hofwirtschaft are near the actual Court building some outbuildings, such as the " Libding " ( dowry ), a small house for the Altbauern that inhabited this after handing over the court. Often adjacent to the courtyard stands a chapel. Sometimes there is also a small bakery, also shed for equipment, carriages, sleighs and, where a watercourse is present, a small flour mill for his own use. In addition to many yards you will also find a fire water pond. Larger farms had a memory. In the surrounding highlands of some farms had a dairy.

Scientific inventory

1934 continued the architect Wilhelm Lochstampfer through which prompted him building surveys one of the foundations for the study of building construction, and usage patterns.

The Black Forest House today

Many Black Forest farms have still the typical form of the Black Forest house. However, they are rebuilt inside mostly according to the current needs ( comfort, use of machinery ). Partial new stables were built next to the farm buildings to accommodate dairy farming to today's needs. Frequently rise today in addition to the courts and silos for silage. Often farmers built vacant spaces, even the Libding to guest rooms or apartments, in order to create additional income opportunities.

A number of historical farms from different parts of the Black Forest were faithfully reconstructed at the museum Vogtsbauernhof.

In the television series Black Forest House 1902 Southwest Broadcasting had a modern family relive the time a hundred years ago in a black forest of the municipality in the Southern Munster.

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