BMW N52
The N52 is a six-cylinder engine from BMW, which was first installed in 2004 in the BMW 6 Series. He succeeded the M54 engine, which was developed from the early 1990s introduced M50 engine. The N52 was a completely new design, which compared to the M54, the weight reduced by 10 kg, reduced fuel consumption by 12% and the output increased by 20 kW.
The N52 was used in the models of the 3-series ( E90), 5 series (E60 ) and Z4 ( E85/E86 ). He also found use in 1 Series ( E87 ), Z4 ( E89 ) X1 ( E84), X3 ( E83) and X5 ( E70).
As of 2007, the N52 was replaced by the N53, which was produced for the first time with the facelift of the BMW E60.
Construction
The development goals, which provided the specifications for the engine with the project name NG6, were a significant increase in performance, an increase in torque in the lower speed range, a significant expansion of the usable speed range, a significant reduction in fuel consumption ( decoupled from the fuel quality ) and a noticeable reduction in weight despite the higher power requirement and the technology additional effort to reduce fuel consumption.
Consumption -reducing measures
In addition to the proven variable camshaft angle for the inlet and exhaust camshafts (double -VANOS in lightweight aluminum design ) to control the valve opening times for the first time a technical innovation was in a six-cylinder integrated: The fully variable VALVETRONIC valve drive of the second generation, allows what speeds up to 7000 min-1 and the opening period and the timing of the valves controlled continuously. By Valvetronic intake quantity is not as usual controlled by a throttle, but a variable valve lift, which can be adjusted between 0.25 mm and 9.8 mm. The change of the valve lift is carried out a high-precision mechanics, in combination with an eccentric shaft, which is provided via a control motor of VDO. In this way the intake valves apply practically the function of the throttle valve. Although a throttle is still present, but is supportive only in very few operating conditions for use and has mainly the function of a running flat.
Due to the direct intake control to the cylinder, the flow losses can be reduced. In addition, the higher face velocity leads to a better distribution of the fuel -air mixture in the cylinder. The result is compared to the conventional throttle valve engines significantly improved response and at the same time a more efficient utilization of fuel. Thus, the fuel consumption and emission values are achieved exceptionally low for this performance class level.
The heat management fits irrespective of the engine speed on the characteristic field and the thermostat electric coolant pump to the cooling capacity. The electrical coolant pump can be controlled independently of the speed of the motor according to the actual cooling requirements. While conventional coolant pumps consume up to 2 kW, the power consumption is reduced in the targeted control to 200 watts. Additional advantages of the electric coolant pump are the elimination of a second belt level and faster achievement of the engine operating temperature, resulting in a fuel savings of 2 % results.
The volume flow-controlled oil pump, the eccentricity can be adjusted via the control piston, promotes in every operating state only the actually required amount of oil. Conventional pumps would need more power up to 2 kW.
With the three-stage resonance intake, a higher torque is achieved at low speeds, and higher power at high speeds.
Due to the oil -water heat exchanger of the engine reached faster in the high-consumption warming up its operating temperature. At very high temperatures, oil is delivered via the heat exchanger to heat the engine cooling system.
The base engine was a total friction reduced and adjusted the motor controller to the significantly expanded scope of functions.
In addition, the N52 compared to the previous engine, M54 was now fuel mass flow control in full- load operation via the lambda probes. The lowered at full load operating fuel economy and improved exhaust emissions as the carbon monoxide (CO), hydrocarbon (HC ), nitrogen oxides (NOx ) and especially of benzene.
Consistent lightweight construction
With a total weight of 161 kg, the 3-liter engine was the world's lightest six-cylinder engine in this output class. Was achieved weight optimization includes the use of a novel magnesium -aluminum composite crankcase casting. Because magnesium is neither as tread material or as material leading to a coolant component, a composite structure with a AlSi17 insert and a surrounding cast magnesium has been developed. BMW sat for the first time a magnesium alloy in the mass production of a water-cooled crankcase. The housing is around 24 % and 57 % lighter than a comparable component made of aluminum or cast iron. The cylinder head cover of the engine is also made of magnesium.
With a lightweight Tiefziehflansch a considerable reduction in weight was reached on manifolds. The wall thickness of the exhaust manifold flange was reduced to 2 mm, which was 800 g lighter. The thin-wall ceramic catalysts are smaller and lighter than before. You can reach their operating temperature faster and make a secondary air injection superfluous.
The built lightweight camshafts were manufactured in internal high pressure forming process. They are 25% lighter than conventional camshafts and the weight saving was a total of 1.2 kg.
- Cutaway model of BMW N52 engine
Front view
Detailed view camshafts and VALVETRONIC
Detailed view VANOS
Detailed view crankcase and intake tract
Specifications
Motor overview
Use
N52B25
- BMW Z4 sDrive23i ( E89 )
- BMW 325i ( E90/E91/E92 ) ( until 8/2007 )
- BMW 525i ( E60/E61 )
- BMW X3 2.5si ( E83)
- BMW Z4 2.5si (E85 )
N52B30
- BMW 130i ( E81/E87 ) (since 9 /2009)
- BMW 330i ( E90/E91 )
- BMW 530i ( E60/E61 )
- BMW 630i ( E63/E64 )
- BMW 730i ( E65/E66 )
- BMW Z4 sDrive30i ( E89 )
- BMW X1 xDrive28i (E84), 09/2009-03/2011
- BMW X3 xDrive28i BMW F25, 10/2010-02/2012
- BMW 130i ( E81/E87 ), 2005-9/2009
- BMW Z4 3.0si ( E85/E86 )
- BMW 330i ( E92 )
- BMW X3 3.0si ( E83)
- BMW X5 3.0si (E70 )