Borstal

Reformatories or Korrektionsanstalten were public or private institutions that were intended to hold criminals and neglected people in such a way that its main purpose was not punishment, but their improvement. These institutions were either police reform prisons, which at the same time should produce the moral improvement of the convicts in addition to the punishment (see the workhouse ), or " charitable institutions " for " moral decline in individuals."

The term included the one hand, facilities that vagabonds, " drunkards ", " work-shy ", " dissolute " prostitutes, etc., as received and released prisoners who were stopped in to work and should be accustomed to an ordered life, on the other hand, correctional and educational buildings for " neglected juvenile individuals." the first class of these reformatories was based on the so-called improvement theory that it is the responsibility of the state, not only for enforcement purposes, but also for improvement of the criminal and his to make "Preservation from utter moral ruin ."

By far the most important experienced predominantly founded by private individuals or associations Magdalene pins for " fallen women " and the reformatories for juvenile " criminal" and neglected children. The German Criminal Code specific ( § 56 ) that " Unerwachsene " between 12 and 18 years of age who were acquitted of the accusation of a crime due to lack of mental maturity, could be transferred by judicial decision either her family or educational and reformatory to to remain there for as long as it considered the institution of superior administrative authority for necessary (but not after the age of 20 years ).

Similar provisions also knew the English and French legislation. Germany had a model institution with the napping house in Hamburg, which was founded by Wichern in the sense of inner mission, a France -led by other principles Institute in Mettray. The most widespread and institutionalized were the British, supported by the state and supervised reformatories, under which a distinction industrial schools ( schools work in the strict sense) and reformatory schools ( schools improvement ). Prussia issued an order on February 13, 1878 a special law concerning the placement of abandoned children, which entered into force on 1 October this year.

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