Brahui language

Spoken in

• Dravidian languages Norddravidische languages

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Dra

Brh

Brahui ( brāhōī ) is a language spoken in Pakistan, Afghanistan and Iran language from the language family of the Dravidian languages. You will be counted along with Kurukh and Malto to norddravidischen branch of this family of languages.

The speakers of Brahui are members of the same semi-nomadic tribe people in Balochistan. Most of them live in Pakistan in the area of Quetta, Mastung, Kalat and Las Bela. Smaller groups of Brahui speakers are also found in the Shorawak desert in Afghanistan, in Iranian Sistan. Since the end of the 19th century a small number of Brahui speakers also live in the oasis of Merv in Turkmenistan. Many Brahui live as migrant workers in the big cities of Pakistan. Many members of Brahui tribe speak Baluchi as their first language or are bilingual. Therefore, exact numbers of speakers are hard to determine: Ethnologue indicates the number of Brahui speakers with 2.2 million, while Ivory 1998 by Erstsprachlern 100,000 and 300,000 second language learning proceeds.

Historical reports on the Brahuis there is only from the 17th century, when they merged with the Baluch and members of the tribe to Dehwar Khanate of Kalat. This semi- autonomous government lasted until 1948. The name Brahui derived on the Siraiki - form Braho by the name Ibrahim. The history of language is entirely unclear. The location of the Brahui - speaking area in the northwest of the Indian subcontinent, far from the rest, mostly spoken in southern India languages ​​of the family, has taken care of a lot of speculation. Thus, some researchers believe that the Brahuis already 5000 years ago reached the area during the immigration of the Dravidians to India. Also for the theory, the language of the Indus Valley Civilization was Dravidian, the presence has been used by Brahui. Other researchers, however, believe that the Brahuis immigrated only 800-1100 AD from the central Indian Deccan.

Most Brahui speakers are illiterate, yet the language has a certain literary tradition. The oldest known work is the brahuisprachige consisting of 1,275 verses Tuhfat al - ʿ Aja ʾ ib the poet Malikdad Gharshin Qalati (1760 ). End of the 19th century, Islamic Deobandis sought about making Brahui of a written language. To this end, they created an orthography in the Perso- Arabic script along the lines of Urdu. In the 20th century, the Brahui Association ( Brahui Jama ʿ at) was founded to promote the Brahui literature. Since 1966, the Brahui Academy takes over this task in Quetta.

Brahui is divided into a northern dialect, Sarawan, and a southern dialect, Jahlawan. However, these do not differ too much from each other. Brahui has been strongly influenced by the surrounding Indo-European languages, especially Balochi. This is particularly evident in the vocabulary, where only 10 percent of the words are Dravidian origin. 20 percent of the vocabulary come from the Baluchi, 30 percent from the Persian and Arabic, at 40 per cent of origin is unclear. Even by the number words are only the first three Dravidian (1 asi (t ), 2 Ira (t ), 3 musi (t)), the rest are from the Baluchi borrowed ( 4 Car 5 PANC, 6 SAS, 7 way, Have 8, 9 nō (h ), 10 dah ).

A well-known in Pakistan Brahui singer Babul is Jan.