Brazilian real
1 EUR = 3.1074 BRL 1 BRL = 0.32181 EUR
1 CHF = 2.5398 BRL 1 BRL = 0.39374 CHF
The real (plural reais ) is the currency of Brazil since 1994. From 1690 to 1942, the Brazilian currency was also called Real ( The plural was then, however, Réis ).
The subunit of the Real is the centavo (100 centavos = 1 Real). The real was introduced after a period of high inflation in 1994 instead of Cruzeiro in Brazil. Its value was initially controlled by the Brazilian Central Bank, but is traded freely in the capital market since 1999.
History of Brazilian currency
The first Portuguese settlers in America used the Portuguese Real as payment. The first official money with the name Real, however, was introduced in 1654 and printed by the Dutch, during the occupation of the northeast of Brazil. In 1790, the Real to the official Brazilian currency was appointed. Six times the devalued by inflation currency was replaced by a higher-quality new currency 1942-1994:
A Real 1994 is so 2.750.000.000.000.000.000 (2.75 trillion ) old Réis worth.
In Brazil sparked 1994, the Real ( BRL ) prior Currency " Cruzeiro " from which in 1942 replaced the real used since 1690. Today 100 centavos are real. After several stages of hyperinflation and currency reforms of the real was introduced in 1994 with an initial value of 1 U.S. dollar. In January 1999, however, the country fell into a currency crisis, which led to a sharp devaluation of the real and then to a general economic crisis. Release of the currency was necessary. Inflation was brought by establishing a policy framework and economic reforms under control. According to the International Monetary Fund ( IMF), the inflation rate was 6.9 % in 2005 and 4.2 % in 2006. For 2007, the estimates amounted to 3.5 %.
With the Football World Cup 2014 and the 2016 Summer Olympics, it currently comes (spring 2014) in Brazil to a sharp rise in prices in many areas of life. Many Brazilians protest with a " Surreal " said parallel currency against the increase in the price are perceived as unreasonable.
Plano Real
On January 7, 1994, a new currency was put into circulation, the Real in Brazil. In the course of what became known as the Plano Real currency reform, to end the country and its economy -controlling chronic inflation and reduce inflation remaining continuously in the following years, succeeded. Only the then Finance Minister Fernando Henrique Cardoso succeeded in March 1994 to create the " Plano Real" a solid foundation for sustained economic growth and price stability. From the beginning of the " Plano Real" showed its effect: inflation fell from 50 % a month (June 1994) to less than 2 % on an annual average, accompanied by substantial economic growth. For the first time in many years, just could have a rising real income and the poorer Brazilians.
Currency crisis in 1999
Brazil recorded a strong inflation, which was accompanied by a nominal devaluation in the eighties and nineties. Then, a stabilization program in 1993, under which, inter alia, the framework a new currency, the Real, was introduced in July 1994. The Real should be devalued checked against the U.S. Dollar ( crawling peg ), yet he was considered overvalued nominal. Brazil thus recorded a significant current account deficit, which was financed by short-term capital flows. As the capital inflow delayed to capital flight began (Currency Run), had to be drastically devalued the real by about 50% in January 1999, despite an extensive international aid package of 40 billion U.S. dollars under the leadership of the International Monetary Fund. After the crisis, there were further devaluation of the real. It was not until 2003, the Brazilian currency could stabilize.
Bills
The current banknotes were brought in 1994 to 1, 5, 10, 50 and 100 reais in circulation. Two other bills were added a few years later: 2001 2 reais bill and the following year the 20 reais bill was issued. From 2006, the 1 -Real - bill was not printed, and therefore disappears from the circulation. She is still valid, but will no longer be accepted in many shops out of ignorance.
Commemorative banknote:
In April 2000, the Banco Central do Brasil, a commemorative banknote to 10 reais to mark the 500th anniversary of the discovery of Brazil issued. This appeared as a polymer banknote, but is now no longer in circulation, because the high production costs are not in relation to a very rapid wear ( loss of color on the integrated plastic part ). The design is more complex than the traditional paper banknotes.
Front:
- Pedro Alvares Cabral image of, a Portuguese explorer, one of the discoverers of Brazil
- Representation of the map " Terra Brasilis ", one of the earliest maps of Brazil
- A passage from the letter of Pero Vaz de Caminha to King Manuel I of Portugal
- A Portuguese wind rose from the 16th century
- On the upper right side of Cabral's expedition ships appear, if you hold the bill up to the light
- In the background decorative elements from Portuguese tiles can be seen
- The white area around the red dot is transparent (the red dot is translucent )
- In the background the cross of the Knights Templar is shown, which was available at that time in all Portuguese ships
Back:
- Map of Brazil with photographs of the ethnic diversity of the Brazilian people (white, black, Native American )
New banknote series:
The Brazilian Central Bank announced in February 2010 that is from 2010 to 2012 a new bank note series, beginning with the bills over 50 and 100 reais spent. Designs and colors are similar to the previous notes, however, the new series will have different sizes for the different values and have distinct markings for the visually impaired. The previous bills should initially remain valid and circulate in parallel.
There are coins of 1, 5, 10, 25 and 50 centavos and a real. In 1998, one a second embossing in circulation that differs from the first embossing materials and designs. The four years later in circulation euro coins are similar in size, appearance and material properties of the real coins. On 23 December 2003, the Brazilian Central Bank to take the 1 real coin of the first embossing from the market decided. The coins are usually not a Centavo used and prices at the cash rounded up or rounded accordingly, therefore, the production of 1 cent ( centavo ) coin from November 2005 has been set. From 2009, a new 5 Reais coin is to be put into circulation. The old coins are valid but are still in circulation and continue.