Brevibacterium

Brevibacterium is a genus of Gram-positive bacteria with high GC content in the DNA. In the food industry (cheese manufacture and production of amino acids) different types play an important role of Brevibacterium. It is the only genus of the family Brevibacteriaceae.

  • 4.1 Notes and references
  • 4.2 Literature

Characteristics and ecology

Brevibacterium is not actively moving, obligate aerobic bacterium. The representatives of the genus are chemoorganotroph in which metabolism is aerobic respiration. Fermentation (fermentation) is not performed by these bacteria, so they are among the Nichtfermentierern ( fermenters ). During the culturing is first observed short rods, which are often irregularly curved. Later ( in 3-7 days ) usually form cocci with a diameter of 0.6 to 1.0 microns. The catalase test is positive.

Many species are salt- loving ( halophilic ) and occur in different habitats. Brevibacterium linens ( " Rotschmierebakterium " ) is for maturation of certain cheeses ( " red smear ") is used, for example for Romadur and bacteria - Harz. This species was also isolated from marine fish and found in seawater. Brevibacterium casei is present in the raw milk. Brevibacterium epidermidis is a part of the skin flora of humans.

Relevance to humans

Brevibacterium flavum the type is used for the production of lysine and commercial use of the amino acid. This amino acid is essential for human beings and some animals and is used as a food additive. The systematic position of this species is controversial among microbiologists, it was provided with some other species Corynebacterium glutamicum. Nevertheless, you can still find it in the literature often under the name Brevibacterium flavum.

Some species - such as Brevibacterium linens as a major germ or Brevibacterium bruneum, Brevibacterium erythrogenes, Brevibacterium helvolum be used in the manufacture of soft cheese or sour milk cheeses for on smear.

More recently, Brevibacterium also won at clinical importance. Brevibacterium as has been associated with osteomyelitis, inflammation of the bone marrow in conjunction and Brevibacterium otitidis isolated from ear infections.

System

The Brevibacterium is the only genus of the family Brevibacteriaceae. Some species of this genus are (selection):

  • Brevibacterium antiquum Gavrish et al. 2005
  • Brevibacterium aurantiacum Gavrish et al. 2005
  • Brevibacterium avium Pascual and Collins 1999
  • Brevibacterium casei Collins et al. 1983
  • Brevibacterium celere Ivanova et al. 2004
  • Brevibacterium epidermidis Collins et al. 1983
  • Brevibacterium frigoritolerans Delaporte and Sasson 1967
  • Brevibacterium halotolerans Delaporte and Sasson 1967
  • Brevibacterium iodinum (ex Davis 1939) Collins et al. 1981
  • Brevibacterium linens (Wolff 1910) Breed 1953
  • Brevibacterium luteolum Corrig. Wauters et al. 2003
  • Brevibacterium mcbrellneri McBride et al. 1994
  • Brevibacterium otitidis Pascual et al. 1996
  • Brevibacterium paucivorans Wauters et al. 2001
  • Brevibacterium permense Gavrish et al. 2005
  • Brevibacterium picturae Heyrman et al. 2004
  • Brevibacterium samyangense Lee 2006
  • Brevibacterium sanguinis Wauters et al. 2004
  • Brevibacterium yomogidense Tonouchi et al. 2013

Synonyms and changes

The genus was introduced linens in 1953 with the type species of Brevibacterium the microbiologist Breed, formerly Brevibacterium linens was provided to the genus Bacterium, Bacterium as linens. The number of species increased rapidly at first, later studies showed that the differences between each type were too large, due to its many species have been separated from the genus and to other genres - such as Arthrobacter, and Corynebacterium Aureobacterium - asked. An (incomplete ) list of changes:

  • Brevibacterium acetylicum was provided to the genus Exiguobacterium and is now operated under the style name Exiguobacterium acetylicum.
  • Brevibacterium ammoniagenes now: Corynebacterium ammoniagenes
  • Brevibacterium acetylicum: Exiguobacterium acetylicum
  • Brevibacterium citreum: Curtobacterium citreum
  • Brevibacterium divaricatum: Corynebacterium glutamicum
  • Brevibacterium fermentans: Cellulosimicrobium cellulans
  • Brevibacterium imperial: Microbacterium imperial
  • Brevibacterium incertum: Desemzia incerta
  • Brevibacterium liquefaciens: Arthrobacter nicotianae
  • Brevibacterium luteum: Curtobacterium luteum
  • Brevibacterium lyticum: Cellulosimicrobium cellulans
  • Brevibacterium oxydans: Microbacterium oxydans
  • Brevibacterium protophormiae: Arthrobacter protophormiae
  • Brevibacterium pusillum: Curtobacterium pusillum
  • Brevibacterium saperdae: Microbacterium saperdae
  • Brevibacterium testaceum. Microbacterium testaceum ( Komagata and Iizuka 1964) Takeuchi and Hatano Another, in the scheme formally valid name ( a typical homo synonym ) is 1998: Aureobacterium testaceum ( Komagata and Iizuka 1964) Collins et al. 1983
  • Brevibacterium vita rumen: Corynebacterium vitaeruminis

Some synonyms for different types of Brevibakteriums:

  • Achromobacter Stationis ZoBell and Upham 1944 is a synonym for Brevibacterium Stationis ( ZoBell and Upham 1944) Breed 1953
  • Bacterium linens Wolff 1910 for Brevibacterium linens (Wolff 1910) Breed 1953

Swell

Actinobacteria Actinomycetales Cellular respiration Halophile Remoudou
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