Bromus erectus

Upright Brome ( Bromus erectus ) (right)

Called The Upright Brome ( Bromus erectus ), and mountain brome is a tall meadow grass of the genus brome ( Bromus ) within the family of grasses ( Poaceae ).

Distribution and location

The grass is common in Europe than in northern Europe, North Africa and Southwest Asia from the plains to the mountains at altitudes of 1300 m. To North America, it was introduced as a neophyte.

The Upright brome grass often grows in asset- forming lime - poor grassland on drained peat meadows and stony sunny slopes, roadsides and embankments. It prefers well-drained, loose, moderately dry, base- rich, moderately acidic and nutrient-poor clay, lime, marl and loess soils.

Description

The Upright brome is a perennial herbaceous plant that reaches the plant height of 40 to 120 centimeters. It grows in loose to dense clumps and can be rooted down to 60 cm depth. The thin and sharp, often hairy stalks grow stiff upright and have three to four nodes. The yellowish-green to gray- green basal leaves are narrow with up to 30 centimeters long and 2-3 mm wide spreading. The upper leaves are generally flat and of up to 6 mm wide. These are long and finely pointed, and loosely hairy or bald. The basal leaves are often curled up in dry conditions and ciliated at the edge. The denticulate ligule ( ligule ) at 1 to 3 millimeters in length. The rounded on the back leaf sheaths are closed, hairy tubular and projecting below or bald, above almost always bare. At the transition between the leaf sheath and blade no ears are formed.

The 10 to 25 centimeters long, purple to reddish or green grow upright panicles or rarely, nodding and feature densely in clusters to loose standing erect panicle. The panicle branches are rough and carry one to four spikelets. The light brown to reddish spikelets compressed slim and lightweight. You can reach 15 to 40 millimeters in length and four to vierzehnblütig. The 7 to 12 millimeters long glumes are different. The bottom is narrow, finely pointed and einnervig; the top is wider and three annoying. The narrow - lanceolate, seven annoying lemmas overlap, reaching 8 to 15 millimeters in length, are pointed or slightly bidentate and keeled at the top and on the back. You are awned from the tip. The awn is about 2-8 millimeters long. The palea shorter than the lemmas. The two keels are rough. The anthers ( anthers ) are orange or reddish -orange, 5 to 7 millimeters long. The fruits ( caryopses ) are enclosed at the top hairy tight with the hardened deck and palea. The Bromus erectus blooms from June to July. The chromosome number is 2n = 42, 46

System

There are four subspecies:

Bromus erectus subsp. conde satus ( Hack. ) Asch. & Graebn. ; Central and South Eastern Europe
Bromus erectus subsp. erectus; Europe, North Africa, temperate Asia rates, Caucasus
Bromus erectus subsp. stenophyllus (Link) Asch. & Graebn. ; South East Europe
Bromus erectus subsp. transsilvanicus ( Steud. ) Asch. & Graebn. ; South East Europe

Ecology

The grass is a Intensivwurzler and can be rooted down to 60 cm depth. As Magerkeitszeiger it has its ecological emphasis on nitrogen-poor, mostly calcareous soils. It is a half - light to full light plant and bears only a slight shading. Furthermore, it is a default pointer heat, meaning it has in the heat gradient from the cold snowy ( nival ) height step up in warm lowlands a heavyweight in submontane - temperate areas. Its ecological behavior can be based on the indicator values according to Ellenberg summarized as follows: L-8, T-5, K-2, F-3, R-8, N- 3, S -0.

The Bromus erectus is a low-yield grass extensively used lime - poor grassland ( Festuco - Brometalia ) and dry oat grass meadows ( Arrhenatherion ). It is promoted by mowing but suppressed by grazing. Together with the pinna - Zwenke ( Brachypodium pinnatum ), the Upright brome grass is spreading, especially in derelict, formerly grazed lime - poor grassland. Through their hard and rohfaserreiches stem and leaf material, a hard - to unzersetzbarer felt the need of a drop light types is limited. This is especially true for many of the typical poor grassland species considered by the rarity and endangerment of the biotope as endangered. Through measures such as sheep grazing the continued existence of the poor grass shall be secured in their natural and characteristic plant species composition.

Credentials

E. Oberdorfer: Phytosociological Exkursionsflora. Ulmer, Stuttgart 1994. ISBN 3-8252-1828-7.
H. Haeupler & Th Muer: Image Atlas of ferns and flowering plants in Germany. Ulmer Verlag, Stuttgart, 2000 ISBN. 3-8001-3364-4.
CE Hubbart: Grasses - Description, distribution, use. Ulmer Verlag, Stuttgart, 1985. ISBN 3-8001-2537-4.
E. folding & WO v. Boberfeld: Paperback grasses. Detection, identification, location and socialization, evaluation and use. Verlag Paul Parey, Berlin, Hamburg, 1990. ISBN 3- 489-72710 -X