Brusio

Brusio with the typical Crotti

Brusio ( German outdated Brus, Romansh Brüsch ) is a municipality in the southern canton of Graubünden in Switzerland. The territory coincides with the circle of the same name. Along with the neighboring municipality of Poschiavo Poschiavo valley forms Brusio the (German Poschiavo ) and the District Bernina.

  • 4.1 languages
  • 4.2 Origin and Nationality
  • 5.1 traffic

Coat of arms

Blazon: In red continuous silver cross.

The cross was used as a seal image since the beginning of the 17th century, together with the sub hoc signo vinces currency. Colors of the former court church Poschiavo.

Geography

The municipality comprises the lower Poschiavo and extends from the southern end of the Lago di Poschiavo to the Italian border at Piattamala, the above 517 m. M. marked the lowest point of the community. The highest peak is 2901 meters high Piz Combul.

In the valley floor of the main town are Brusio (780 m) and, below it, the villages Campascio ( 637 m) and Campocologno ( 553 m ) and the hamlet Zalende. On narrow terraces, above the embossed with scree and loose chestnut groves valley sides, the villages are Viano ( 1281 m) and - scattered in extreme steep slopes at altitudes 1300-1550 m - Cavaione. The municipality also includes a part of Miralago and several pastures and alpine settlements.

In 1997, 16.6 % of the municipality were used for agriculture, the forest took 54.1 %, which settlements 2.3 %. As unproductive were 27.0 %.

The community is surrounded on three sides by the Italian territory. Neighboring municipalities are next to Poschiavo belonging to the province of Sondrio Grosotto, Vervio, Tirano, Tirano, Bian zone Teglio and Chiuro.

History

Brusio, mentioned in documents in 1106, was named in 1222 as an independent community. Since the 14th century the place was formed with Poschiavo together a large valley community ( Cumün ), 1408 the Gotteshausbund joined.

A separate parish was founded in 1501 after the Reformation Catholics and Protestants were about equally represented. ; both denominations built their own churches in the 17th century. Through the Counter-Reformation and increased emigration, the population share of the Reformed dropped to about 10%.

It was not until 1851 Brusio sparked the composite with Poschiavo. Former pursuit of autonomy is not without a certain involuntary comedy. So the Brusiesi recorded in 1615 with a newly -built own community seal, but had to immediately be instructed by Gotteshausbund that they are offered such not entitled.

Cavajone

The hamlet Cavajone was ceded only in 1867 by a treaty from Italy to Switzerland and assigned to the municipality Brusio. The border in the Val dal Saent was fixed until 1863 and finally 1876. This is in addition to the Dappental and the Verenahof ( now the town Büttenhardt ) the only major modification of the Swiss territory since 1815.

Population

In the hundred years between 1850 and 1950 the population grew by 528 people strong at ( = 52.8 %). Over the next three decades, she sank back strongly against it as a result of migration to the industrial centers and tourist resorts (1950-1980: -17.67 %). This development holds in a weaker form to this day, so that there are an equal number of inhabitants in 2005 as in 1900.

Languages

Colloquial language of the people has always been the alpinlombardische dialect Puschiavin. He was speaking in 1900 of 96.16 % of the population. Since then, it has not changed a bit, as the following table shows:

The only official language of the community is the Italian.

Origin and nationality

From the end of 2005 1198 residents were 1108 ( = 92.49 %), Swiss nationals.

Economy

Bottle of red wine grown and distribute in Switzerland - in part on own vineyards - The economic structure of the municipality of several well-known wineries that dominate the near- Valtellina. Your big buildings are just as little to see how the warehouse of a fruit and vegetable importer. The local Natursteinwerk processed granite and Metabasit from the quarries to Campascio.

Other major employers are the power plants, the Rhaetian Railway and the customs administration. There are also some smaller commercial and handicraft enterprises, especially in the construction industry, as well as several gas stations. Around 1995, a small company in the chemical- pharmaceutical industry moved on. Tourism plays a lesser role in Brusio. At the times, significant smuggling of coffee and tobacco, only a few exhibits recall the local museum.

In agriculture, 166 people were employed in the manufacturing sector and 178 in services 333 (as of 2000-2001).

Traffic

By Brusio, Campascio and Campocologno leads the main road 29 from the Bernina pass to the Valtellina. Narrow winding roads driving open up the perched villages Viano and Cavaione.

In the municipality there are two stations and a station of the Bernina Railway opened in 1908. Particularly for freight Campocologno has great importance as a border station. Since 1998 the Rhaetian Railway operates above the station a separate goods station, are handled on the especially petroleum products and standing timber.

Attractions

  • The site characterize the baroque towers of two churches: the Catholic parish church of San Carlo Borromeo ( 1617) and The Protestant parish church (1645 ), with a rococo organ from Bergamo.
  • In the village center there are several stately town houses, including the as museum Casa Besta.
  • Casa Nussio
  • In the circular viaduct of the Bernina Railway three sculptures of local sculptor Cristiano Paganini were erected.
  • Scattered over the entire community are the crotti or scélé, round houses made ​​of dry walls, which served as a refrigerator for milk and cheese.
  • High above the Lago di Poschiavo perched Alp San Romerio with the 1055 first -mentioned chapel. The ship of the little church still probably dates from the 11th century, the choir and tower were added in the 15th to 16th centuries. From this two -hour hike from Viano accessible vantage point you can enjoy a comprehensive look at the municipality.
  • Below Brusio is the famous circle viaduct of the Rhaetian Railway.
  • Catholic church of S. Famiglia, in Campocologno

Sons and daughters of the town

150071
de