Buchberg (Upper Palatinate)

Book a mountain, view from south

The book is a mountain 591 meters above sea level. NN high foothill before the escarpment of the Franconian Alb in the Upper Palatinate district of Neumarkt in Bavaria. Due to its characteristic form he is one of the distinctive landmarks of the pelvis of Neumarkt in der Oberpfalz.

Geographical location

The book mountain is located on the western edge of the Upper Palatinate Jura, Franconian Alb part of the Upper Palatinate (also known as Franconian Jura). He rises 4.8 km south-southwest of downtown Neumarkt in der Oberpfalz. During his entire high plateau region belongs to the city of Neumarkt, is its western and north-western flank in the municipality of Berngau and the eastern, southeastern and southern flank in the Seng valley, where the community part book mountain is located on the eastern flank.

Topography

The book is one of the mountain the Neumarkt basin in the west mountains framing witnesses before the Frankish / Upper Palatinate escarpment in the east. These mountains are where the book Mountain to the northwest then, the Hohenstaufen mountain ( 511.6 m above sea level. NN ), the Tyrol mountain ( 572 m above sea level. NN ) and the dill mountain ( 595 m above sea level. NN ). Although the striking mountain group of Sulzbürgs in the south with Schlüpfelberg, Badberg, Sulzbürger Schlossberg and Gallows Hill, and the Möninger mountain in the southwest at Frey city also belong to the landscape around Neumarkt, but are not directly part of the Neumarkt basin. Between the book and the mountain Winnberg at Sengenthal the historic Ludwig-Danube- Main Canal overcomes in an artificially created incision, the European watershed between the river systems of the Rhine and the Danube.

During the height of the mountain book on many topographic maps with 591 m above sea level. NN is specified, 586 m above sea level in many popular cards. Read NN. The latter figure probably refers to a measurement point a few meters east of the highest point of the mountain at 586.8 m above sea level. NN.

The shape of the book Mountain is a striking westward open horseshoe. While the longer Northwest leg is referred to as Long Mountain, the shorter leg Southwest Glasberg is called. The central book mountain plateau, including the eastern slopes are called the quarry or Front Paper Mountain, the northern slopes of Mount Rear book. The extensive forests below the book mountain in the north-east form the Heid.

Geology

The shape of the mountain book is exemplary of the type Table Mountain in South German cuesta. From the flat landscape of the Albvorlandes rises above a first gently, then steadily steeper base of the steep-walled mountain floor of the book mountain, which goes over the precipice into a flat plateau. Especially when viewed from the north from the Neumarkt basin forth is like the book a mountain keel overhead hull of a tea clipper. This shape makes the book distinctive landscape mountain to mark the southern horizon of the Neumarkt basin.

Black, Brown and White Jura

The geological structure corresponds to a model of the Frankish / Upper Palatinate Jura. The surrounding Albvorland is formed here by the gray, bituminous marl and shale of the upper Black Jura ( Lias Delta to Epsilon ). These are taken from agriculturally productive areas. Berngau in the West is wholly on Lias Epsilon while Reichertshofen is founded partly already on the deeper layers of the Lias Delta in the south. The place book mountain on the eastern slope is largely on the Opalinus Clay.

The base of the book mountain, flat at first, then steadily becoming steeper, formed by the 30 meter thick Opalinus Clay ( Dogger Alpha ). About the Opalinus Clay follows the approximately 60 meter thick sandstone escarpment of the iron ( Dogger beta). The iron sandstone is the Hauptgesteinsbildner the book mountain and trained there as opposed to the rest of Alb particularly powerful. The transition from the Opalinus Clay to the iron sandstone forms, due to the dip of the strata from west to east, especially on the eastern slope a very productive spring horizon. The sources can be used with a fountain versions for the local water supply. However, the source horizon is often rolled over and covered by slope debris masses from the overlying slope. Below the northeast slope the Lias and Opalinustonschichten the mountain base of Flugsandanwehungen additionally be veiled from the Neumarkt pool.

About the iron sandstone follow as separator between the Brown and the White Jura, a few meters thick layers of brown upper Jurassic ( Dogger gamma to epsilon) and the Ornatentons ( Dogger Zeta). How a narrow band, which runs the Ornatenton around the main massif and forms above the steep slope of the iron sandstone and below the final climb of the White Jura, a very pronounced slope shoulder. Also there is the Ornatenton a source horizon, but which is clearly less pronounced. The trail follows this slope shoulder to the book mountain.

The final rise and the plateau of the book is formed by the mountain about 20 m thick limestone plateau of the White Jura ( Malm alpha to beta). During the Malm Alpha is characterized by a small powerful, fossil-rich Kalkmergelschicht, the Malm beta distinguished by fossils poor conchoidal breaking, grobbankige limes. In some places in the eastern plateau of the Malm beta seems to be attracted by a small extent of dolomitized sponge reefs. The layers of the upper White Jurassic ( Malm gamma to Zeta) are no longer present on the book mountain.

Fossil finds

The narrow area between the iron and sandstone, and the deeper the Ornatenton Kalkmergelschichten of Malm Alpha are on the book mountain extraordinarily rich in fossils. The diversity and richness is similar to the famous fossil locality in the opposite quarry Winnberg at Sengenthal. Natural or artificial outcrops are not present at the book mountain. However, it may occasionally quite good finds are made in winter at appropriate points in the talus material in the vegetation-free time. However, these are broken by the natural weathering usually many times. Small fossils in thumbnail size, and smaller can, however, occasionally dissected by natural weathering in an excellent manner, are found sporadically.

Characteristic features of this area are the ammonite of the species Parkinsonia and the brachiopod of the kind Rhynchonelloidella in the upper Dogger delta. In addition, other types of ammonites, belemnites, Seelilienstielglieder, brachiopods and shells can be found there.

In the fairly dense, fossiliferous limestones of the Malm poor beta occasionally large growing Ammonites ( " horns of Ammon " ) of the type Perisphinctes were found. However, since the Fund places have already been searched many times, the chances of further discoveries are low.

Better opportunities for fossils provide the cairns on the field and forest edges in the area of the Lias epsilon below the western mountain book shelf at Berngau. There can, enclosed in bread biological shaped Tonsteingeoden, sometimes quite remarkable nests together geschwemmten ammonites, belemnites, fallow multipods and mussels are found. These fossils are partly silicified, sometimes pyritisiert. The characteristic species in this area is the discus-shaped ammonite of the species Harpoceras with its sharp sickle ribs and the distinctive keel.

Also characteristic of this area are the samples of minerals from a few decimeters thick Monotisback, a hard gray-black, marble-like rock from the Lias epsilon, which is composed entirely of the shells of the type Pseudomonotis and is widely used as reading stones in the fields west of the book mountain.

Rockfalls and landslide movement

A special attraction are the upcoming on the south side of the glass mountain rock formations of iron sandstone. These are thus emerged that powerful package of rocks of sandstone on the sliding base of Opalinustones slid slowly over the centuries and have left on a slope above a striking spoiler lip. Rock displacements and rockfalls suggest that these movements continue even today. Well-known rock formations in this area are the devil cellar and the pulpit. Below the cliffs the sliding masses form a significant flattening in the field with a very troubled terrain surface. On the basis of isolated outcrops can be reconstructed that the slide mass consist of tilted large-scale rock clods of iron sandstone.

An equally significant feature of the rocks in this area is that on the bedrock surface on a prime hillside is attached. This is under a loose layer of leaves usually made as loose and loamy soil organic matter and soil material. For this reason, it is not advisable, above the rock in the hillside around to climb because of the risk of slipping in the loose material and then to groundless crashing over the edge, is great. Such crashes have already occurred. The marked trail fox trail leads below the cliff safely through this area.

The Devil cellar, cave cadastre Franconian Alb ( HFA) performed as K 29, is a chasm cave in the sandstone. Gap cavities are caused by faults in the rock. The Devil cellar by Buchberg into the rock wall towards the top wedge-shaped tapered portal, but is only a few meters deep. In the summer, trending from the clefts cold air but indicates that the column to deep reach into the mountain. A legend tells that in Teufelskeller a golden carriage is hidden.

The pulpit is a cuboid shape rock with an edge length of about ten meters. It is located below the devil cellar right on the ring road. The pulpit is a monolithic mass of rock that has been removed from the higher cliff and was moved by the sliding of heavy scree masses to the current position along the ring road. At the pulpit, the hard, black-brown, rind shaped iron deposits can be soft in the otherwise recognize ocher sandstone particularly well. Under rain-protected overhangs the tiny case of the funnel ant lions can often be observed in the dry fine sand.

Quarrying

On the mountain of the book Malm were broken on the book mountain plateau in several smaller quarries stones as building material earlier in the fairly dense, hard limestones. The small quarry on the highlands is created in the upper layers of the iron sandstone, which is good there solidified by a calcareous binder and therefore well suited in contrast to the otherwise rather very soft iron sandstone as a building material. It is believed that there the building material was broken for St. John's Church in Neumarkt.

Flora

The book mountain is - as the name suggests - dominated by lime-loving, tall beech trees, this in a special way on the book mountain plateau, including the Eastern and Südsteilhänge. On dry soils the iron sandstone outside the influenced by the calcareous scree material, the book mountain high surface areas, such as the glass mountain and the Long Mountain to the jaw can prevail. It is particularly associated on the south-facing slopes and sessile oak and hornbeam. The cool moist north slope is through forestry measures strongly overprinted by monotonous spruce reforestation. Chance and firs can be found there. The Douglas fir on the western slopes were planted.

On the limestone soils of the book mountain plateau and in the area of ​​being overrun by the scree material of Kalkhochfläche iron sandstone slopes are some remarkable species to find:

  • Liverworts
  • Large anemones
  • Ordinary Everlasting
  • Wild garlic
  • Daphne
  • Türkenbund
  • Pfeilblättrige Gänsekresse
  • Little lambs lettuce
  • Chickpea tragacanth
  • Belladonna

The acidic soils of the iron sandstone and dominated by pine and spruce plantations areas are rather poor in species. The herbaceous vegetation is dominated was instrumental of heather, bilberry and sometimes the cranberry. In the wasteland and at the roadsides of the wetter northern and north- western slopes of the raspberry and blackberry is quite widespread.

The book mountain is occupied largely by state forests, the forest belt around the book mountain base is, however, largely from peasant forests.

Human colonization

The vast plateau of the book mountain is surrounded largely by a prehistoric hillfort. The complex consists of at least two ring walls with created at different times. The first on the main plateau encloses an area of ​​about 24 hectares. There is a pincer gate on the northeast side. In the northwest, a powerful Wall section forms the conclusion. This is from a later period than the rest of the edge bead. The older plant could reach back into the La Tène period ( 5th to 1st century BC) and served as residential, military and perhaps also as a place of worship. The typical Celtic plants pincer gate refers to this time. In 1891 the last of the two farms was abandoned on the book mountain. The two courts managed a total of 25 acres of arable land, 21 acres of woodland and 1 acre of gardens and meadows. The arable land fallow were reforested.

Recreation and conservation area

The book mountain is a popular recreational area. Dozens of kilometers of marked hiking trails, including the witnesses mountain round, ideal for walking, jogging and mountain biking. The book mountain was known for its beautiful views of the Albvorland and the Neumarkt basin once. The successful reforestation of extensive deforestation and windthrow areas over the last 30 years, these viewpoints are, however, went exception can be lost and the highest guess in the winter still.

The book mountain is recognized since 1965 as a conservation area book mountain ( LSG-Nr. 32039 ), which is 6.52 km ².

150835
de