Bupleurum
Round-leaved Hare's Ear ( Bupleurum rotundifolium ) and Sichelblättriges Hare's Ear ( Bupleurum falcatum ), illustration
The rabbit ears ( Bupleurum ) are a genus of flowering plants in the carrot family ( Apiaceae ). They are initially distributed only in the northern hemisphere.
- 6.1 Literature
- 6.2 Notes and references
Description
Appearance
Bupleurum species rarely grow as annuals, mostly perennial herbaceous plants, there are also semi- shrubs and shrubs ( Bupleurum fruticosum ) up to a height of 3 meters. Woody species are rare in the family Apiaceae. Often they have a short, woody " rhizome ". The aboveground plant parts are bare.
The characterizing feature of the Bupleurum species are always undivided and ganzrandigen leaves, this comes within the Umbelliferae family only in two other genera before. If petioles are present, then they have a recognizable leaf sheath. The shape of the leaf blades may vary from grassy oblong -linear to wide. The leaves are sometimes grow from the stems. The leaves are always completely bald.
Inflorescences and flowers
The composite doldigen inflorescences are often surrounded by a conspicuous bract sheath. The umbellules contain three to twelve (up to 20 ) flowers. Cover and Hüllchen are usually trained, rarely, as in Bupleurum rotundifolium missing the shell.
The flowers are hermaphroditic and small. The sepals are formed only indistinctly. The petals are entire, and always wrapped or rolled up at the top, and keeled on the outer side by the projecting median nerve. The color of the petals is almost always yellow or yellow-green ( rarely reddish -yellow), album only in the North-West African Bupleurum it is purple.
Fruits
The fruit is ovoid to elongated, and little or no flattened and drawn together at the joint surface. The surface is usually smooth ( at Bupleurum tenuissimum warty ) and bare. The part fruit has five distinct main ribs and no side ribs. There are one to five oil welts that are dwindling in some species. The short stylus is bent back after flowering.
Dissemination
The genus Bupleurum is widespread in the temperate zone of the northern hemisphere. About 39 species are native to Europe. In China, about 42 species 22 are found, of which only there. In North America originally only Bupleurum americanum is found in the Rocky Mountains. Only one way, Bupleurum mundtii, occurs in South Africa, but this is originally from Europe. In Australasia Bupleurum species were introduced. Most species have very small areas. The species occur at all elevations, from sea level ( for example, Bupleurum tenuissimum ) longicaule up to an altitude of 4900 meters in the Himalayas in Bupleurum.
Use
The " root stock " of some species is used in traditional Chinese medicine as a " chai hu" for coughs, fever and flu. Since a few species (such as Bupleurum longiradiatum ), however, are toxic, it can lead to dangerous confusion.
System
The genus Bupleurum was erected in 1753 by Carl Linnaeus in Species Plantarum, 1, pp. 236-239. Type species is Bupleurum L. rotundifolium. A synonym for Bupleurum L. Buprestis explosive .. Bupleurum is the only genus of the tribe Bupleureae Spreng. in the subfamily Apioideae within the Apiaceae family.
The genus rabbit ears ( Bupleurum ) contains about by Neves & Watson 2004, approximately 150 ( depending on the source, 70-180 species).
The following is a selection of European ways:
- Bupleurum acutifolium Boiss., Occurs only in southern Portugal and southern Spain
- Bupleurum affine Sadler
- Bupleurum aira Snogerup: It occurs only in Greece ( Naxos)
- Bupleurum alpigenum Jord. & Fourr.
- Angulosum Bupleurum L., is found only in Spain and France
- Bupleurum apiculatum Friv. , Occurs only in Bulgaria, Greece and Romania
- Bupleurum asperuloides Heldr.
- Bupleurum baldense Turra, comes only in Southern and Western Europe from Spain and England to Romania
- Bupleurum bourgaei Boiss. & Reut. , Occurs only in Southeast Spain (Sierra de Alcaraz )
- Bupleurum brachiatum K.Koch ex Boiss.
- Bupleurum capillare Boiss. & Heldr. It occurs in southern Greece
- Bupleurum commutatum Boiss. & Balansa comes from Europe to Iran ago
- Bupleurum croceum Fenzl
- Bupleurum dianthifolium cast.
- Bupleurum elatum cast. , Is found only in northern Sicily
- Sichelblättriges hares ear, or just Sickle hares ear ( Bupleurum falcatum L.), comes from Europe to East Asia before
- Shrubby Hare's Ear ( Bupleurum fruticosum L.), arrives in Europe, North Africa and the Middle East before
- Jacquin Hare's Ear ( Bupleurum gerardii space. ), Occurs in Europe, North Africa and Western Asia
- Bupleurum gibraltarium Lam., Is found in Portugal, southern Spain and Morocco
- Bupleurum lancifolium Hornem. , Occurs in Europe, North Africa, Middle East and Central Asia
- Leaved Hare's Ear ( Bupleurum longifolium L.), comes from Europe to East Asia before
- Bupleurum L. odontites
- Petraeum Bupleurum L., occurs only in the southern and eastern Alps
- Praealtum Bupleurum L., is found only in South and Central Europe
- Crowfoot Hare's Ear ( Bupleurum ranunculoides L.)
- Bupleurum rigidum L.
- Round-leaved Hare's Ear, or field - hares ear ( Bupleurum rotundifolium L.), comes from Europe to Central Asia before and also spread to North America, Australia and New Zealand
- Bupleurum L. semicompositum
- Bupleurum spinosum Gouan, occurs in Spain
- Star clusters hare ear ( Bupleurum stellate L.), occurs only in the Alps and on Kordika ago
- Bupleurum subovatum Link ex Spreng.
- Salt Hare's Ear ( Bupleurum tenuissimum L.), is found in North Africa, Europe and the Middle East
- Rod Hare's Ear ( Bupleurum virgatum Cav. )
Pictures
Leaved Hare's Ear ( Bupleurum longifolium )
Crowfoot Hare's Ear ( Bupleurum ranunculoides )
Round-leaved Hare's Ear ( Bupleurum rotundifolium )
Bupleurum spinosum
Star clusters hare ear ( Bupleurum stellate )
Bupleurum gibraltaicum Museum specimen