Business park

Commercial area, also operating area, in terms of urban planning law is a particularly designated area of a municipality in which business enterprises are mainly allowed.

Basics

Among the commercial areas include commercial areas in the narrower sense (operating construction areas without excessive environmental pollution, such as interference from noise or smell, such as retail parks ), industrial areas, special areas (such as businesses that require a special location security, such as health care, waste management, explosives storage, and many more) as well as pure business development areas ( for office or retail embossed areas), and there are mixed areas ( commercial and residential use, usually a maximum of small - to medium -company settlement ). Commercial areas that are created specifically for this purpose and often managed by only one operator, also called industrial park.

The designation of industrial areas generally leads to an increase in traffic because jobs can be reached only by means of individual transportation (eg cars) or collective (eg bus). The establishment of industrial estates was originally to avoid disturbing influences of operations (noise, smell, hazards) on flats. Later the desired separation of living and working meant that even non-interfering operations ( such as administrative buildings ) were spatially separated from residential areas.

The deliberate separation of residential and commercial areas is seen differently. Firstly, the separation is promoted politically, to obtain pure residential areas, which are largely free of commercial and therefore free of commercial traffic. Counterpositions try a mixed design, in which only particularly troublesome industries in industrial areas are outsourced, while working and living to be closer together.

National

Germany

In Germany this is regulated in § 8 Land Use Ordinance. Then may be erected in a commercial environment without special planning additional legal requirements businesses of all kinds, warehouses, storage areas, public establishments, commercial, office and administration buildings, petrol stations and equipment for sporting purposes.

Only in exceptional cases are permitted in commercial areas and dwellings ( for people who are associated with the trade or business ) and installations for religious, cultural, social and health purposes and entertainment places.

So far the development of ever new commercial area designations in Germany (especially state- sponsored in East Germany ) led to a significant oversupply of commercial space. Since there are no official statistics, however, to make use of designated industrial areas, it remains to allow as little land use, left to the individual case examination of the regional planning authority to approve new designations or not, despite the fundamental maxim. To enter both the municipalities, as well as the planning authorities empirical data at hand, in some regions a commercial space monitoring is performed.

Austria

The land use plan and the development plan, in which the development and use is defined is defined in the Zoning laws of the countries.