Buyid dynasty

The Buyids, Germanized also Bujiden, (Arabic بنو بويه, DMG Banū Būyah; persian آل بویه, Āl -e Būyah, or بوییان, Būyīyān ), were a significant Shia dynasty in Persia, Iraq and parts of Oman, who came from Daylam in the north of present-day Iran and reigned 930-1062.

The dynasty descended from Abu Shuja Buyah († 932), who began his rise as a military leader among the Samanids and Ziyariden. Of his three sons, the founders of Buyidenreiches, Imad ad - Dawla Ali ( 932-949 ) Isfahan initially stopped and then conquered the südpersische Fars province, where he founded the Buyids of Fars - line ( and Khuzistan ). Rukn al-Dawla Hasan ( 947-977 ) sat down while in Jibal firm and founded a part rule, which was divided into the two lines of Hamadan / Isfahan and Rayy after his death. The third brother, Muizz al-Dawla Ahmad ( 936-967 ), first conquered Kirman and Khuzistan before he submitted the present-day Iraq. With the capture of Baghdad 945 he gained control of the Abbasid Caliphate, which has since been completely politically disempowered. The caliph in Baghdad was now only the spiritual leader of the Muslims. From Ahmad, the Buyids lines of Iraq and Kirmans come from.

The most important ruler of the Buyids was Adud -Dawla Abu Shuja Fana Chusrau ( 949-983 ). He came from the line of Fars and was able to assert his supremacy over the other dynastic lines. Thus, the rule of the Buyids in Iraq and western Iran was not only united, but also further expanded. So at times the realm of Ziyariden in Tabaristan were occupied ( the Caspian Sea ), subject to parts of Oman and 979 severely beaten the Hamdanids of Mosul. Through the promotion of trade and agriculture, it also led to a strong economic recovery. Order to prevent competition for the ports of Basra and Siraf, 965 the commercial center of Sohar in Oman was even destroyed by a buyidischen fleet.

Since after Adud ad-Daula Chusraus death lacked a strong dynasty head, it came to power struggles and to the renewed splitting of the Buyids. This weakness was used by the Kakuyiden and prompted the Ghaznavids, 1029 by Jibal push forward, causing the Buyids line of Rayy came to an end. The lines in Kirman and Iraq were in 1048 and 1055 respectively overthrown by the Seljuks, who now took over the patronage of the caliphs in Baghdad. 1062 eliminated Fadluya, the leader of the Schabankara Kurds, finally, the last line of the Buyids of Fars.

The importance of the Buyids lies in the fact that they are the Persian culture promoted heavily during her reign and also favored the spread of Shia Islam in Iran. By the Buyids regarded themselves as descendants of old Iranian kings, they strengthened the Iranian element in Islam.

See also: List of rulers Buyid

Pedigree

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